0000950170-24-040394 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

Business Acquisition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Summary of Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation, as adjusted (in thousands):


	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,829
Accounts receivable		440
Other current and non-current assets		588
Property plant and equipment, net		195
Intangible assets		21,200
Goodwill		14,414
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(1,487	)
Deferred tax liability		(3,131	)
Total purchase consideration	$	34,048

Retirement Plan	12 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Retirement Plan	Note 15: Retirement Plan The Company offers a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan to eligible full-time employees that provides for discretionary employer matching and profit-sharing contributions. The Company matches the lower of 50% of employee contributions or 50% of the first 6% of each employee’s eligible compensation that is contributed to the 401(k) plan. Contributions made by the Company vest 100% upon contribution and are expensed as incurred as compensation costs. The Company’s matching contributions to the plan were $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Retirement Plan

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Retirement Plan

Note 15: Retirement Plan

The Company offers a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan to eligible full-time employees that provides for discretionary employer matching and profit-sharing contributions. The Company matches the lower of 50% of employee contributions or 50% of the first 6% of each employee’s eligible compensation that is contributed to the 401(k) plan. Contributions made by the Company vest 100% upon contribution and are expensed as incurred as compensation costs. The Company’s matching contributions to the plan were $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

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+ Details

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Financial Assets at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	$ 17,500	$ 24,137
Total short-term investments		2,723
U.S. Treasury Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		1,232
Commercial Paper
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		1,491
Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		1,232
Level 1 \| U.S. Treasury Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		1,232
Level 2
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		1,491
Level 2 \| Commercial Paper
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		1,491
Cash
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents		12,757
Cash Equivalents
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents		11,380
Cash Equivalents \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents		11,380
Cash Equivalents \| Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents		11,380
Cash Equivalents \| Level 1 \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents		$ 11,380

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Assets at Fair Value

Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level were as follows (in thousands):


	Balance as of January 31, 2023
	Level 1				Level 2			Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$		11,380	$	—		$		11,380
Total cash equivalents	$		11,380	$	—				11,380
Cash									12,757
Total cash and cash equivalents							$		24,137

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$		1,232	$	—		$		1,232
Commercial paper		—				1,491			1,491
Total short-term investments	$		1,232	$		1,491	$		2,723

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021
Income Tax [Line Items]
Income tax benefit	$ (1,978,000)	$ (1,770,000)
Net deferred tax asset, Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance	(1,000,000)	(1,600,000)
Unrecognized tax benefits	11,043,000	9,060,000	$ 8,090,000	$ 6,642,000
Interest expense or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits	0	0	$ 0
Deferred tax liabilities assumed	$ (3,131,000)	$ (2,133,000)
Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership change	50.00%
Research and Development
Income Tax [Line Items]
Federal tax credit, expired	2030
2038
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 5,800,000
Federal
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 47,700,000
Net operating loss carryforwards, expired	2038
Federal \| Research and Development
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 14,800,000
State
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards, expired	2025
State \| Research and Development
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 12,800,000
State \| 2025
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 70,700,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (835)	$ (3,655)	$ (1,751)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	14,833	13,903	12,682
Depreciation and amortization of capital expenditures	4,317	3,771	3,117
Amortization of intangible assets	3,711	2,286	1,304
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	2,966	2,978	2,939
Deferred income tax benefit	(3,131)	(2,133)
Facilities consolidation (gain) charge	(956)	1,402
Other	(5)	38	53
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(2,587)	434	(2,082)
Inventories and deferred inventory costs	6,341	(12,333)	(1,571)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(2,280)	(2,460)	(4,609)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(9,579)	4,509	(3,599)
Deferred revenue	(522)	33	172
Net cash provided by operating activities	12,273	8,773	6,655
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	2,750	12,705	16,505
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments			300
Purchases of short-term investments		(3,869)	(17,488)
Capital expenditures	(6,159)	(5,211)	(4,204)
Business acquisition	(31,919)	(9,771)
Net cash used in investing activities	(35,328)	(6,146)	(4,887)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	2,664	3,397	2,706
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	18,000
Repayment of long-term debt	(2,000)
Credit facility issuance costs	(469)
Net cash provided by financing activities	16,454	1,843	601
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(6,601)	4,470	2,369
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	24,137	19,667	17,298
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	17,536	24,137	19,667
Supplementary cash flow disclosure:
Cash paid for income taxes, net	765	409	34
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable at period-end	188	243	324
Purchase price receivable for business acquisition (see Note 13)		300
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of restricted stock units ("RSU")	$ (1,741)	$ (1,554)	$ (2,105)

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (835)	$ (3,655)	$ (1,751)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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+ Details

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Tax Benefit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Current:
State	$ 1,153	$ 363
Total current	1,153	363
Deferred:
Federal	(2,661)	(1,783)
State	(470)	(350)
Total deferred	(3,131)	(2,133)
Income tax benefit / Income tax benefit at effective tax rate	$ (1,978)	$ (1,770)

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Other Current and Non-current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Other Assets [Abstract]
Deferred sales commissions, current	$ 8,579	$ 7,826
Prepaid expenses and other	4,177	2,777
Convertible note receivable (see "GTC" below)	2,257	1,899
Other current assets	1,484	1,866
Total other current assets	16,497	14,368
Deferred sales commissions, non-current	15,257	14,467
Other assets	2,358	2,117
Total other non-current assets	$ 17,615	$ 16,584

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock and Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2021	$ 39,551	$ 166,581	$ 7	$ (127,037)
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2021		22,873,020
Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans	2,706	$ 2,706
Issuance of common stock under equity based plans, Shares		1,168,245
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs	(2,105)	$ (2,105)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs, Shares		(105,072)
Stock-based compensation	12,682	$ 12,682
Other comprehensive Income (loss)	(27)		(27)
Net loss	(1,751)			(1,751)
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2022	51,056	$ 179,864	(20)	(128,788)
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2022		23,936,193
Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans	3,397	$ 3,397
Issuance of common stock under equity based plans, Shares		1,174,532
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs	(1,554)	$ (1,554)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs, Shares		(114,633)
Stock-based compensation	13,903	$ 13,903
Other comprehensive Income (loss)	(3)		(3)
Net loss	(3,655)			(3,655)
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2023	63,144	$ 195,610	(23)	(132,443)
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2023		24,996,092
Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans	2,664	$ 2,664
Issuance of common stock under equity based plans, Shares		1,116,166
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs	(1,741)	$ (1,741)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs, Shares		(137,387)
Stock-based compensation	14,833	$ 14,833
Other comprehensive Income (loss)	22		22
Net loss	(835)			(835)
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2024	$ 78,087	$ 211,366	$ (1)	$ (133,278)
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2024		25,974,871

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 852
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 946
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Paragraph 1
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 323
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 825
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 28
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 210
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1

Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 310
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2

+ Details

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Concentration of Net Accounts Receivable Balance

Customers who represented 10% or more of net accounts receivable were as follows:


	As of
	January 31, 2024	January 31, 2023
Customer A	33%	18%

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Summary of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Balance at January 31, 2023	$ 8,655
Additions due to 2600Hz acquisition	14,414
Balance at January 31, 2024	$ 23,069

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Benefit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal tax at statutory rate	$ (603)	$ (1,139)	$ (368)
State taxes, net of federal benefit	(128)	(40)	52
Foreign income and withholding taxes	(139)	(172)	(185)
Permanent tax adjustment	294	543	58
Section 162(m)	802	843	1,050
Stock-based compensation	812	530	(1,545)
Change in valuation allowance	(1,015)	(1,566)	2,959
Research and development credit	(2,095)	(1,288)	(1,980)
Provision to return adjustments	4	533
Other	90	(14)	$ (41)
Income tax benefit / Income tax benefit at effective tax rate	$ (1,978)	$ (1,770)
Federal tax at statutory rate, Rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State taxes, net of federal benefit, Rate	4.00%	1.00%	(3.00%)
Foreign income and withholding taxes, Rate	5.00%	3.00%	11.00%
Permanent tax adjustment, Rate	(10.00%)	(10.00%)	(3.00%)
Section 162(m), Rate	(28.00%)	(16.00%)	(60.00%)
Stock-based compensation, Rate	(28.00%)	(10.00%)	88.00%
Change in valuation allowance, Rate	35.00%	29.00%	(169.00%)
Research and development credit, Rate	73.00%	24.00%	113.00%
Provision to return adjustments, Rate		(10.00%)
Other, Rate	(3.00%)	1.00%	2.00%
Income tax benefit at effective tax rate, Rate	69.00%	33.00%	0.00%

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note 9: Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	1,000	$	956	$	979
Sales and marketing		2,226		2,019		1,856
Research and development		4,760		4,623		4,216
General and administrative		6,847		6,305		5,631
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	14,833	$	13,903	$	12,682

The income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense was zero for all periods presented due to a full valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets (see Note 10: Income Taxes below). As of January 31, 2024, there was $27.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, stock options and stock purchase rights under the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 2.2 years.

The fair value of employee stock options and ESPP was estimated using the Black–Scholes model with the following assumptions:


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024(1)	2023	2022
Stock Options:
Expected volatility	NA	49%	51%
Expected term (in years)	NA	6.1	6.1
Risk-free interest rate	NA	1.6%	0.9%
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA
(1) No option was granted in fiscal 2024.
	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024	2023	2022
ESPP:
Expected volatility	32%-43%	41%-55%	41%-58%
Expected term (in years)	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0
Risk-free interest rate	3.9%-5.5%	0.9%-4.0%	0.1%-0.2%
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA

The expected term of options granted to employees was based on the simplified method because the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data for the fiscal years presented, and the expected term of the ESPP is based on the contractual term. For fiscal years presented, expected volatility was derived from the average historical volatility of the Company’s own common stock. The risk-free interest rate was based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term.

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Property And Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 31,852	$ 25,956
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(21,955)	(17,960)
Property and equipment, net	$ 9,897	7,996
Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	2 years
Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Computer Hardware and Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 6,995	6,847
Computer Hardware and Software \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	3 years
Computer Hardware and Software \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	4 years
Network and Engineering Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 7,504	6,283
Network and Engineering Equipment \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	3 years
Network and Engineering Equipment \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Website Development Costs
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 9,046	6,251
Website Development Costs \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	3 years
Website Development Costs \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Customer Premise Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 7,466	5,954
Customer Premise Equipment \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	3 years
Customer Premise Equipment \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Office Furniture and Fixtures
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 204	497
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 637	$ 124
Leasehold Improvements \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	1 year
Leasehold Improvements \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Total Stock-Based Compensation Recognized for Stock-Based Awards in Consolidated Statements of Operations

Total stock-based compensation recognized in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	1,000	$	956	$	979
Sales and marketing		2,226		2,019		1,856
Research and development		4,760		4,623		4,216
General and administrative		6,847		6,305		5,631
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	14,833	$	13,903	$	12,682

Summary of Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Employee Stock Options Grants and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model

The fair value of employee stock options and ESPP was estimated using the Black–Scholes model with the following assumptions:


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024(1)	2023	2022
Stock Options:
Expected volatility	NA	49%	51%
Expected term (in years)	NA	6.1	6.1
Risk-free interest rate	NA	1.6%	0.9%
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA
(1) No option was granted in fiscal 2024.
	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024	2023	2022
ESPP:
Expected volatility	32%-43%	41%-55%	41%-58%
Expected term (in years)	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0
Risk-free interest rate	3.9%-5.5%	0.9%-4.0%	0.1%-0.2%
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Domestic and Foreign Components of Loss Before Income Taxes

The domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2022
United States	$	(491	)	$	(2,557	)	$	1,340
Foreign		(2,322	)		(2,868	)		(3,091	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(2,813	)	$	(5,425	)	$	(1,751	)

Schedule of Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit consisted of the following:


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2022
Current:
Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
State		1,153			363			—
Foreign		—			—			—
Total current		1,153			363			—
Deferred:
Federal		(2,661	)		(1,783	)		—
State		(470	)		(350	)		—
Foreign		—			—			—
Total deferred		(3,131	)		(2,133	)		—
Income tax benefit	$	(1,978	)	$	(1,770	)	$	—

Reconciliation of Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax loss as a result of the following (dollars in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			Rate			2023			Rate			2022			Rate
Federal tax at statutory rate	$	(603	)		21	%	$	(1,139	)		21	%	$	(368	)		21	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(128	)		4	%		(40	)		1	%		52			(3	)%
Foreign income and withholding taxes		(139	)		5	%		(172	)		3	%		(185	)		11	%
Permanent tax adjustment		294			(10	)%		543			(10	)%		58			(3	)%
Section 162(m)		802			(28	)%		843			(16	)%		1,050			(60	)%
Stock-based compensation		812			(28	)%		530			(10	)%		(1,545	)		88	%
Change in valuation allowance		(1,015	)		35	%		(1,566	)		29	%		2,959			(169	)%
Research and development credit		(2,095	)		73	%		(1,288	)		24	%		(1,980	)		113	%
Provision to return adjustments		4			—			533			(10	)%		—			—
Other		90			(3	)%		(14	)		1	%		(41	)		2	%
Income tax benefit at effective tax rate	$	(1,978	)		69	%	$	(1,770	)		33	%	$	—			0	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):


	As of January 31,
	2024			2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	18,486		$	28,771
Tax credit carryover		14,928			12,205
Operating lease liabilities		4,405			3,547
Stock-based compensation		1,095			923
Capitalized research and development		17,131			6,061
State Taxes		232			—
Deferred revenue		4			8
Other		—			22
Gross deferred tax assets		56,281			51,537
Valuation allowance		(42,530	)		(43,545	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	13,751		$	7,992
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	(4,309	)	$	(3,202	)
Deferred sales commissions and other		(2,119	)		(2,396	)
Acquired intangible assets		(6,100	)		(1,543	)
Fixed assets depreciation		(1,223	)		(851	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	$	(13,751	)	$	(7,992	)
Net deferred taxes	$	—		$	—

Summary of Activity Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023			2022
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of fiscal year	$	9,060	$	8,090		$	6,642
Increase (decrease) related to prior year tax positions		670		(331	)		—
Increase related to current year tax positions		1,313		1,301			1,448
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of fiscal year	$	11,043	$	9,060		$	8,090

Income Taxes - Domestic and Foreign Components of Loss Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
United States	$ (491)	$ (2,557)	$ 1,340
Foreign	(2,322)	(2,868)	(3,091)
Loss before income taxes	$ (2,813)	$ (5,425)	$ (1,751)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-Publisher FASB
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Publisher FASB
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Employee Stock Options Grants and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
ESPP
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility, minimum	32.00%	41.00%	41.00%
Expected volatility, maximum	43.00%	55.00%	58.00%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	3.90%	0.90%	0.10%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	5.50%	4.00%	0.20%
ESPP \| Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 months	6 months	6 months
ESPP \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	2 years	2 years	2 years
Employee Stock Option
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility		49.00%	51.00%
Expected term (in years)		6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Risk-free interest rate		1.60%	0.90%

Operating Leases - Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2025	$ 3,845
2026	3,810
2027	3,648
2028	2,656
2029	2,742
Thereafter	4,629
Total future minimum lease payments	21,330
Less: imputed interest	(3,912)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 17,418	$ 14,043

Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 08, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization		$ 4,300	$ 3,800	$ 3,100
Amortization expense for deferred sales commissions		9,000	7,600	$ 6,000
Convertible note receivable		2,257	1,899
Non-cancelable inventory purchase commitments		1,100	7,800
Global Telecom Corporation
Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]
Convertible note receivable		2,300
Non-cancelable inventory purchase commitments		0	0
Payment for inventory purchases and related costs		$ 400	$ 2,600
Global Telecom Corporation \| Convertible Promissory Note
Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]
Investment in privately-held company					$ 1,300
Equity Financing \| Preferred Stock \| Subsequent Event \| Global Telecom Corporation
Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]
Conversion price per share percentage	70.00%
Carrying value of convertible note	$ 2,300
Outstanding principal and unpaid interests converted to shares	8.2

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 5,768
2026	5,624
2027	5,068
2028	3,950
2029	3,030
Thereafter	4,512
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 27,952	$ 10,463

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Fair value level asset and liability	$ 0
Short-term investments	0	$ 2,723,000
Total cash and cash equivalents	$ 17,500,000	24,137,000
Short-term Investments
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Short-term investments due in less than a year		$ 2,700,000

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (aa)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (aaa)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 320
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

+ Details

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]

Components of Inventories

The following sections and tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands):

Inventories


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Finished goods	$	12,024	$	13,715
Raw materials		7,758		12,531
Total inventory	$	19,782	$	26,246

Components of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net


			As of
	Estimated life (in years)		January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Computer hardware and software	3-4	$	6,995	$	6,847
Network and engineering equipment	3-5		7,504		6,283
Website development costs	3-5		9,046		6,251
Customer premise equipment	3-5		7,466		5,954
Office furniture and fixtures	5		204		497
Leasehold improvements	1-5		637		124
Total property and equipment			31,852		25,956
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(21,955)		(17,960)
Property and equipment, net		$	9,897	$	7,996

Components of Other Current and Non-current Assets

Other current and non-current assets


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Deferred sales commissions, current	$	8,579	$	7,826
Prepaid expenses and other		4,177		2,777
Convertible note receivable (see "GTC" below)		2,257		1,899
Other current assets		1,484		1,866
Total other current assets	$	16,497	$	14,368

Deferred sales commissions, non-current	$	15,257	$	14,467
Other assets		2,358		2,117
Total other non-current assets	$	17,615	$	16,584

Components of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Payroll and related expenses	$	12,301	$	13,621
Regulatory fees and taxes		4,598		3,609
Short-term operating lease liabilities		3,742		3,617
Customer-related liabilities		1,118		1,045
Other		4,827		4,834
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	26,586	$	26,726

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Revenue Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 236,737	$ 216,165	$ 192,290
Subscription and services revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	221,624	199,105	175,942
Product and other revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 15,113	$ 17,060	$ 16,348

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4

+ Details

Operating Leases - Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 17,041	$ 12,702
Total leased assets	17,041	12,702
Liabilities
Short-term operating lease liabilities	3,742	3,617
Long-term operating lease liabilities	13,676	10,426
Total lease liabilities	$ 17,418	$ 14,043
Weighted-average remaining lease term	6 years	4 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate	6.20%	4.50%

Revenue and Deferred Revenue

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue and Deferred Revenue

Note 3: Revenue and Deferred Revenue

Disaggregated revenue

Revenue disaggregated by revenue source consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Subscription and services revenue	$	221,624	$	199,105	$	175,942
Product and other revenue		15,113		17,060		16,348
Total revenue	$	236,737	$	216,165	$	192,290

The Company derived approximately 58%, 53% and 49% of its total revenue from Ooma Business and approximately 40%, 45% and 49% of its total revenue from Ooma Residential in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

No individual country outside of the United States represented 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of meeting revenue recognition criteria. Deferred services revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the term of the contract as the services are provided.


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Subscription and services	$	17,034	$	17,239
Product and other		22		8
Total deferred revenue	$	17,056		17,247
Less: current deferred revenue		17,041		17,216
Non-current deferred revenue included in other long-term liabilities	$	15	$	31

During fiscal 2024, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $17.2 million pertaining to amounts deferred as of January 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2024, the majority of the Company’s deferred revenue balance was composed of subscription contracts that were invoiced during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.

Remaining performance obligations. As of January 31, 2024, contract revenue that had not yet been recognized for open contracts with an original expected length of greater than one year was approximately $26.5 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 41% of this amount over the next 12 months, with the balance to be recognized thereafter.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent

+ Details

Business Acquisition

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Business Acquisitions And Divestitures Abstract

Business Acquisition

Note 13: Business Acquisition

On October 20, 2023, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of 2600hz, Inc. ("2600Hz"), a provider of business communications applications targeted at resellers and carriers. The Company acquired 2600Hz for total cash consideration of approximately $32.2 million (net of $1.8 million in cash acquired), subject to certain working capital adjustments. This payment is not subject to any contingency requirements. The Company has included the financial results of 2600Hz in the condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition, which for the twelve months ended January 31, 2024 were not material.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation, as adjusted (in thousands):


	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,829
Accounts receivable		440
Other current and non-current assets		588
Property plant and equipment, net		195
Intangible assets		21,200
Goodwill		14,414
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(1,487	)
Deferred tax liability		(3,131	)
Total purchase consideration	$	34,048

Intangible assets acquired primarily consisted of developed technology of $18.4 million, which represented the estimated fair values of the acquired 2600Hz developed platform technology and have an estimated useful life of seven years as of the date of acquisition. The goodwill recognized was primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Revenues of 2600Hz included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations from the acquisition date of October 20, 2023, to January 31, 2024 was approximately $2.3 million. The Company believes it is not practicable to separately identify earnings of 2600Hz on a stand-alone basis due to the integrated nature of the Company's operations. On a pro forma basis, had the 2600Hz acquisition been included in the Company's consolidated results of operations beginning February 1, 2022, the Company’s total revenue would have approximated $243.7 million and $226.5 million for fiscal 2024 and 2023. These pro forma revenue amounts do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if the business combination had taken place on February 1, 2022, nor do these amounts represent the results that may occur in the future. Pro forma net income (losses) have not been presented because the impact was not material to the consolidated statements of operations.

In connection with the acquisition, the Company agreed to issue approximately 423,000 restricted stock units that are subject to on-going service conditions and vest over an 18-month period. The estimated fair value of these awards of $4.3 million will be recorded as stock compensation expense over the service period.

Acquisition-related costs charged to general and administrative expense during fiscal 2024 were approximately $0.9 million.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company acquired Junction Networks, Inc. which does business as OnSIP for $9.5 million. During the nine months ended October 31, 2023, the Company received $0.3 million from the seller for certain working capital adjustments, which is recorded in investing activities in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

Revenues of OnSIP included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations from the acquisition date of July 22, 2022 to January 31, 2023 was approximately $6.5 million. The Company believes it is not practicable to separately identify earnings of OnSIP on a stand-alone basis due to the integrated nature of the Company's operations. On a pro forma basis, had the OnSIP acquisition been included in the Company's consolidated results of operations beginning February 1, 2021, the Company’s total revenue would have approximated $222.2 million for fiscal 2023 and approximated $205.1 million for fiscal 2022. These pro forma revenue amounts do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if the business combination had taken place on February 1, 2021, nor do these amounts represent the results that may occur in the future. Pro forma net losses have not been presented because the impact was not material to the consolidated statements of operations.

Balance Sheet Components

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Components

Note 5: Balance Sheet Components

The following sections and tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands):

Inventories


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Finished goods	$	12,024	$	13,715
Raw materials		7,758		12,531
Total inventory	$	19,782	$	26,246

Property and equipment, net


			As of
	Estimated life (in years)		January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Computer hardware and software	3-4	$	6,995	$	6,847
Network and engineering equipment	3-5		7,504		6,283
Website development costs	3-5		9,046		6,251
Customer premise equipment	3-5		7,466		5,954
Office furniture and fixtures	5		204		497
Leasehold improvements	1-5		637		124
Total property and equipment			31,852		25,956
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(21,955)		(17,960)
Property and equipment, net		$	9,897	$	7,996

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment totaled $4.3 million, $3.8 million and $3.1 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Other current and non-current assets


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Deferred sales commissions, current	$	8,579	$	7,826
Prepaid expenses and other		4,177		2,777
Convertible note receivable (see "GTC" below)		2,257		1,899
Other current assets		1,484		1,866
Total other current assets	$	16,497	$	14,368

Deferred sales commissions, non-current	$	15,257	$	14,467
Other assets		2,358		2,117
Total other non-current assets	$	17,615	$	16,584

Customer Acquisition Costs. Amortization of deferred sales commissions was $9.0 million, $7.6 million and $6.0 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Global Telecom Corporation (“GTC”). In December 2018, the Company invested $1.3 million in cash in GTC, a privately-held technology company, in exchange for a convertible promissory note that will convert to shares of GTC stock upon the occurrence of certain future events. As amended, the promissory note and accrued interest are due and payable upon the Company’s demand at any time after June 30, 2023. GTC was a variable interest entity for accounting purposes and the Company did not consolidate GTC into its financial statements because the Company was not the primary beneficiary. As of January 31, 2024, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss was equal to the carrying value of the convertible note receivable of $2.3 million, including accrued interest. The Company made total payments to GTC for inventory purchases

and related shipping costs of approximately $0.4 million and $2.6 million in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any material non-cancelable inventory purchase commitments to GTC.

On March 8, 2024 ("Financing Date"), GTC completed an equity financing which qualified as a conversion event under the convertible note. Per the terms of the note, in the event of an equity financing all of the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interests would be converted to a number of shares of standard preferred stock equal to the Conversion Amount divided by the Conversion Price. Conversion Amount is defined as outstanding principal plus unpaid accrued interest. Conversion Price is 70% of the per share price for the preferred stock. As of the Financing Date, the carrying value of the convertible note of $2.3 million, including accrued interest was converted to 8.2 million shares of preferred stock of GTC.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Payroll and related expenses	$	12,301	$	13,621
Regulatory fees and taxes		4,598		3,609
Short-term operating lease liabilities		3,742		3,617
Customer-related liabilities		1,118		1,045
Other		4,827		4,834
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	26,586	$	26,726

Net Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	0.6	0.7	1.4

Operating Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 4,581	$ 4,030	$ 3,861
Variable lease costs	1,217	1,117	972
Total lease cost	$ 5,798	$ 5,147	$ 4,833

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2022
Numerator
Net loss	$	(835	)	$	(3,655	)	$	(1,751	)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares		25,573,288			24,506,525			23,473,849
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.07	)

Overview and Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Overview and Basis of Presentation

Note 1: Overview and Basis of Presentation

Ooma, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Ooma” or the “Company”) provides leading communications services and related technologies for businesses and consumers, delivered from its smart SaaS and unified communications platforms. The Company is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California.

Principles of Presentation and Consolidation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

Fiscal Year. The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022 refer to the fiscal years ended January 31, 2024, January 31, 2023, and January 31, 2022, respectively.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, deferred sales commissions, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, operating lease assets and liabilities, regulatory fees and indirect tax accruals, loss contingencies, stock-based compensation and income taxes (including valuation allowances). The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, where applicable, and other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and assumptions are inherently subjective in nature. Therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

Comprehensive Loss. For all periods presented, comprehensive loss approximated net loss in the consolidated statements of operations and differences were not material. Therefore, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss have been omitted.

Segment Reporting. The chief operating decision maker for the Company is the chief executive officer, who reviews the Company’s financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company operates in a single reportable segment.

Revenue was principally derived from customers located in the United States for all periods presented, with a small portion attributable to customers located in Canada and other countries. Long-lived assets located outside of the United States were not significant.

Foreign currency. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. Remeasurement and transaction gains and losses are included in interest and other income, net and were not material for any periods presented.

Overview and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 Segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Reportable segments	1

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Additional Information (Details 1) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2024-02-01 $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations	$ 26.5
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, percentage	41.00%
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, period	12 months

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($) Source	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of sources of revenue \| Source		2
Allowances for product returns and customer sales incentives	$ 800,000	$ 700,000
Allowances for doubtful accounts	300,000	300,000
Impairment loss in relation to deferred commission costs capitalized	0
Impairment of long-lived assets		0	$ 0
Interest expense or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits	0	0	0
Sales and marketing
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Advertising costs	$ 16,500,000	$ 16,400,000	$ 14,500,000
Deferred Sales Commissions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	5 years
Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment	2 years
Minimum \| Website Development Costs
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment	3 years
Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment	5 years
Maximum \| Website Development Costs
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment	5 years

Insider Trading Arrangements	12 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Jan. 31, 2024 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement	On December 26, 2023, Jenny Yeh, our Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary, and a member of our board of directors, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as that term is defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408), providing for the sale from time to time of up to 17,300 shares of common stock. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the trading arrangement is until March 1, 2025, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. No other directors or officers, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), have adopted and/or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” each as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408, during the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2024.
Directors or Officers
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Jenny Yeh
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Name	Jenny Yeh
Title	Senior Vice President
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	December 26, 2023
Arrangement Duration	432 days
Aggregate Available	17,300
Trd Arr Expiration Date	Mar. 01, 2025

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 236,737	$ 216,165	$ 192,290
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	89,505	78,517	73,852
Gross profit	147,232	137,648	118,438
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	73,503	69,671	58,631
Research and development	49,935	45,939	38,193
General and administrative	27,795	27,795	23,544
Total operating expenses	151,233	143,405	120,368
Loss from operations	(4,001)	(5,757)	(1,930)
Interest and other income, net	1,188	332	179
Loss before income taxes	(2,813)	(5,425)	(1,751)
Income tax benefit	1,978	1,770
Net loss	$ (835)	$ (3,655)	$ (1,751)
Net loss per share of common stock:
Net loss per share of common stock, Basic	$ (0.03)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.07)
Net loss per share of common stock, Diluted	$ (0.03)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.07)
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding:
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, Basic	25,573,288	24,506,525	23,473,849
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, Diluted	25,573,288	24,506,525	23,473,849
Subscription and services
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 221,624	$ 199,105	$ 175,942
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	63,667	54,499	49,563
Product and other
Revenue:
Total revenue	15,113	17,060	16,348
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 25,838	$ 24,018	$ 24,289

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance

The Company had shares of common stock reserved for issuance as follows (in thousands):


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Restricted stock units outstanding		2,075		1,466
Options to purchase common stock		1,161		1,217
Shares available for future issuance under stock plans		2,601		2,654
Shares reserved under ESPP		1,909		1,637
Total shares reserved for issuance		7,746		6,974

Summarizes of Stock Option Activities

Stock option activity for fiscal 2024 was as follows:


				Weighted-Average		Aggregate
	Shares			Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands)			Per Share		(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2023		1,217		$	9.93	$	5,949
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(54	)	$	4.90
Canceled		(2	)	$	13.36
Balance as of January 31, 2024		1,161		$	10.14	$	2,522
Vested and exercisable as of January 31, 2024		1,068		$	9.63	$	2,520

Summarizes of Restricted Stock Units Activities

RSU activity for fiscal 2024 was as follows:


	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance as of January 31, 2023		1,466		$	15.81
Granted		1,507		$	12.30
Vested		(835	)	$	14.65
Canceled		(63	)	$	15.24
Balance as of January 31, 2024		2,075		$	13.74

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Presentation and Consolidation

The Company derives its revenue from two sources: (1) subscription and services revenue, which is derived primarily from the sale of subscription plans for communications services and other connected services; and (2) product and other revenue. Subscriptions and services are sold directly to end-customers. Products are sold to end-customers through several channels, including but not limited to distributors, retailers and resellers (collectively “channel partners”), and Ooma sales representatives.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

•

identification of the contract(s) with a customer;

•

identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•

determination of the transaction price;

•

allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation

Subscription and Service Revenue

Subscription and Services Revenue. Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from recurring subscription fees related to service plans such as Ooma Business, Ooma Residential and other communications services. Service plans are generally sold as monthly subscriptions; however, certain plans are also offered as annual or multi-year subscriptions. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual service term. A small portion of revenue is recognized on a point-in-time basis from services such as prepaid international calls, directory assistance, and advertisements displayed through the Talkatone mobile application.

Product and Other Revenue

Product and Other Revenue. Product and other revenue is generated primarily from the sale of on-premise devices and end-point devices, including Ooma AirDial, and to a lesser extent from porting fees that enable customers to transfer their existing phone numbers. The Company recognizes product and other revenue from sales to direct end-customers and channel partners at the point-in-time that control is transferred. The Company’s distribution agreements with channel partners typically contain clauses for price protection and right of return. Credits and/or rebates issued for expected product returns and customer sales incentives are deemed to be variable consideration, which the Company estimates and records as a reduction to revenue at the point of sale. Product returns and sales incentives are estimated based on the Company’s historical experience, current trends and expectations regarding future experience. As of January 31, 2024 and 2023, total reserves for product returns and sales incentives were approximately $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

Revenue is recorded net of any sales and telecommunications taxes collected from customers to be remitted to government authorities. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as product and other revenue. Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and classified as cost of product and other revenue.

Multiple performance obligations

Multiple performance obligations. The Company’s contracts with customers typically contain multiple performance obligations that consist of communications services and related product(s). For these contracts, individual performance obligations are accounted for separately if they are distinct. The contract transaction price is then allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The Company determines the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) for its communications services based on observable historical stand-alone sales to customers, for which a substantial majority of selling prices must fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range. The Company determines the SSP for its on-premise devices and end-point devices based upon management’s best estimates and judgments, considering company-specific factors such as pricing strategies, discounting practices, and estimated product and other costs.

Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments. All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive loss. The cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company estimates and categorizes the fair value of its financial assets by applying the following hierarchy:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2: Observable prices based on inputs not quoted in active markets but are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and other current assets and current liabilities approximates fair value due to their short maturities. The carrying value of debt approximates its fair value.

Concentrations

Concentrations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and convertible note receivable (Note 5). The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are held by financial institutions that management believes are of high-credit quality although the balances, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral for sales made on credit.

Customers who represented 10% or more of net accounts receivable were as follows:


	As of
	January 31, 2024	January 31, 2023
Customer A	33%	18%

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts for expected credit losses. Allowances are recorded based upon assessment of several factors, including historical experience, aging of receivable balances and economic conditions. As of January 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.3 million. Bad debt expense recorded in the consolidated statement of operations was not material for the periods presented.

Inventories

Inventories. Inventories, which consist of raw materials and finished goods, include the cost to purchase manufactured products, allocated labor and overhead. Inventories are stated at the lower of actual cost and net realizable value on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company writes down the carrying value of inventory to net realizable value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon assumptions about forecast demand and market conditions. Inventory carrying value adjustments are recognized as a component of cost of product and other revenue in the consolidated statement of operations.

Customer Acquisition Costs

Customer Acquisition Costs. Sales commissions and other costs paid to internal sales personnel, third-party sales entities and value-added resellers are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining customer contracts. The resellers are selling agents for the Company and earn sales commissions that are directly tied to the value of the contracts that the Company enters with the end-user customers. These costs are capitalized and amortized on a systematic basis over the expected period of benefit of five years, or customer contractual term for multi-year contracts. The Company has determined the period of benefit taking into consideration both qualitative and quantitative factors, such as expected subscription term and expected renewal periods of its customer contracts, product life cycles and customer attrition. Amortization expense is recorded in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company pays sales commissions on initial contracts, contracts for increased purchases with existing customers (expansion contracts) and certain contract renewals. The Company periodically evaluates whether there have been any changes in its business, the market conditions in which it operates or other events which would indicate that its amortization period should be changed or if there are potential indicators of impairment. To date, there have been no material impairment losses related to the costs capitalized.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and Equipment, net. Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets, generally two to five years. Capitalized costs related to development of the Company's customer-facing websites are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Repairs and maintenance costs that do not extend the life or improve the asset are expensed as incurred.

Operating Leases

Operating Leases. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based upon the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments, as the discount rates implicit in the Company’s leases cannot be readily determined. Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are combined and accounted for as a single component.

Goodwill

Business Combinations. The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of these assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions in determining fair values, especially with respect to acquired intangible assets, which include but are not limited to: the selection of valuation methodologies, expected future revenue and cash flows, expected customer attrition rates from acquired customers, future changes in technology, and discount rates. These estimates are inherently uncertain and, therefore, actual results may differ from the estimates made. As a result, during the measurement period of up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill as information on the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date becomes available. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from business combinations and are expensed as incurred.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets. Acquired intangible assets, which primarily consist of customer relationships, are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Each period, the Company evaluates the estimated remaining useful life of its intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment Assessment. Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, capitalized website development costs intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually during its fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if and when circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company has a single reporting unit and consequently evaluates goodwill for impairment based on an evaluation of the fair value of the Company as a whole.

See Note 7: Leases for disclosure of impairment charges recorded in fiscal 2024. The Company did not record any material impairment charges for fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022.

Advertising

Advertising. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred, except for production costs associated with television and radio advertising, which are expensed on the first date of airing. Advertising costs are included in sales and marketing expense and were $16.5 million, $16.4 million and $14.5 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation. The majority of the Company's stock-based compensation is derived from RSUs granted to employees and non-employee directors. Stock-based compensation is generally measured based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Forfeitures are recorded in the period in which they occur.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes. Income taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income (loss) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. A tax position is recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. A tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority.

Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as income tax expense. The Company had no interest or penalty accruals associated with uncertain tax benefits in its consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations for any periods presented.

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) Country Customer	Jan. 31, 2023 Country Customer	Jan. 31, 2022 Country Customer
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Number of countries outside United States represented 10% or more of total revenue \| Country	0	0	0
Number of customers that individually exceeded 10% of revenue \| Customer	0	0	0
Deferred revenue recognized \| $	$ 17.2
Ooma Business \| Revenue \| Product Concentration Risk
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	58.00%	53.00%	49.00%
Ooma Residential \| Revenue \| Product Concentration Risk
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	40.00%	45.00%	49.00%

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 4: Fair Value Measurements

As of January 31, 2024, the Company had no short-term investments. The Company had $17.5 million in cash.
Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level were as follows (in thousands):


	Balance as of January 31, 2023
	Level 1				Level 2			Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$		11,380	$	—		$		11,380
Total cash equivalents	$		11,380	$	—				11,380
Cash									12,757
Total cash and cash equivalents							$		24,137

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$		1,232	$	—		$		1,232
Commercial paper		—				1,491			1,491
Total short-term investments	$		1,232	$		1,491	$		2,723

The Company classifies its cash equivalents and short-term investments within Level 1 or Level 2 because it uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine their fair value. The Company has no Level 3 assets or liabilities. For the periods presented, the amortized cost of cash equivalents and marketable securities approximated their fair value and there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate.

Short-term investments due in less than a year was $2.7 million as of January 31, 2023.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Stock-Based Compensation - Total Stock-Based Compensation Recognized for Stock-Based Awards in Consolidated Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 14,833	$ 13,903	$ 12,682
Cost of revenue
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	1,000	956	979
Sales and marketing
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	2,226	2,019	1,856
Research and development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	4,760	4,623	4,216
General and administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 6,847	$ 6,305	$ 5,631

Operating Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, description			The Company leases its headquarters located in Sunnyvale, California, as well as office space and data center facilities in several locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, with expiration dates through fiscal 2033.
Operating lease, expiration date ending period			2033
Facilities consolidation charges			$ (956)	$ 1,402
Lease liability			17,418	$ 14,043
Total rental payments			$ 6,900
General and Administrative Expense
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Facilities consolidation charges		$ 1,400
Write off of lease liability	$ 1,000

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

Note 6: Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

During fiscal 2024, the Company recognized intangibles of $21.2 million and goodwill of $14.4 million in connection with a business acquisition completed in October 2023. See Note 13: Business Acquisition.

The goodwill balance was as follows (in thousands):


	Total
Balance at January 31, 2023	$	8,655
Additions due to 2600Hz acquisition		14,414
Balance at January 31, 2024	$	23,069

The gross value, accumulated amortization and carrying values of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):


			As of January 31, 2024
	Estimated life (in years)		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Value
Developed technology		2-7	$	20,618	$	(2,865	)	$	17,753
Customer relationships		5-7		16,545		(7,336	)		9,209
Trade names		2-5		1,685		(695	)		990
Total intangible assets			$	38,848	$	(10,896	)	$	27,952

			As of January 31, 2023
	Estimated life (in years)		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Value
Customer relationships		5-7	$	14,745	$	(4,775	)	$	9,970
Developed technology		2-5		2,219		(1,891	)		328
Trade names		2-5		684		(519	)		165
Total intangible assets			$	17,648	$	(7,185	)	$	10,463

Amortization expense was $3.7 million, $2.3 million and $1.3 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

At January 31, 2024, the estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	Total
2025	$	5,768
2026		5,624
2027		5,068
2028		3,950
2029		3,030
Thereafter		4,512
Total	$	27,952

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Summary of Carrying Values of Intangible Assets Other than Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	$ 38,848	$ 17,648
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(10,896)	(7,185)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	27,952	10,463
Developed technology
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	20,618	2,219
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(2,865)	(1,891)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 17,753	$ 328
Developed technology \| Minimum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	2 years	2 years
Developed technology \| Maximum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	7 years	5 years
Customer relationships
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	$ 16,545	$ 14,745
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(7,336)	(4,775)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 9,209	$ 9,970
Customer relationships \| Minimum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	5 years	5 years
Customer relationships \| Maximum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	7 years	7 years
Trade names
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	$ 1,685	$ 684
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(695)	(519)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 990	$ 165
Trade names \| Minimum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	2 years	2 years
Trade names \| Maximum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	5 years	5 years

Business Acquisition - Summary of Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - 2600Hz, Inc - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Oct. 20, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 1,829
Accounts receivable		440
Other current and non-current assets		588
Property plant and equipment, net		195
Intangible assets	$ 21,200	21,200
Goodwill		14,414
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(1,487)
Deferred tax liability		(3,131)
Total purchase consideration		$ 34,048

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2021 Period
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Stock options granted \| shares	0
Number of shares of common stock issued under ESPP \| shares	200,000	200,000	200,000
ESPP
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of eligible compensation subject to plan limitation				15.00%
Employee stock purchase plan offering period				24 months
Number of purchase periods \| Period				4
Purchase periods				6 months
Purchase price of common stock as percentage of fair market value				85.00%
Weighted average purchase price of shares of common stock under ESPP \| $ / shares	$ 10.6	$ 10.44	$ 10.22
Employee Stock Option
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option expiration period	10 years
Aggregate intrinsic value of vested options exercised \| $	$ 500	$ 1,700	$ 1,900
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted \| $ / shares		$ 8.06	$ 7.89
Employee Stock Option \| Maximum
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option vesting period	4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Payment for shares of common stock withheld for tax withholdings on vesting of restricted stock units ("RSU") \| $	$ 1,741	$ 1,554	$ 2,105
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Maximum
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option vesting period	4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Minimum
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option vesting period	1 year

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 28, 2024	Jul. 31, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jan. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	OOMA
Entity Registrant Name	Ooma, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001327688
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--01-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity File Number	001-37493
Entity Tax Identification Number	06-1713274
Entity Address, Address Line One	525 Almanor Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	Sunnyvale
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94085
City Area Code	650
Local Phone Number	566-6600
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		26.4
Entity Public Float			$ 356
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	Santa Clara, California
Auditor Firm ID	185
Documents Incorporated by Reference	DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]

Summary of Goodwill

The goodwill balance was as follows (in thousands):


	Total
Balance at January 31, 2023	$	8,655
Additions due to 2600Hz acquisition		14,414
Balance at January 31, 2024	$	23,069

Schedule of Carrying Value of Intangible Assets Other than Goodwill

The gross value, accumulated amortization and carrying values of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):


			As of January 31, 2024
	Estimated life (in years)		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Value
Developed technology		2-7	$	20,618	$	(2,865	)	$	17,753
Customer relationships		5-7		16,545		(7,336	)		9,209
Trade names		2-5		1,685		(695	)		990
Total intangible assets			$	38,848	$	(10,896	)	$	27,952

			As of January 31, 2023
	Estimated life (in years)		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Value
Customer relationships		5-7	$	14,745	$	(4,775	)	$	9,970
Developed technology		2-5		2,219		(1,891	)		328
Trade names		2-5		684		(519	)		165
Total intangible assets			$	17,648	$	(7,185	)	$	10,463

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense

At January 31, 2024, the estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	Total
2025	$	5,768
2026		5,624
2027		5,068
2028		3,950
2029		3,030
Thereafter		4,512
Total	$	27,952

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

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+ Details

Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Operating Leases

Note 7: Operating Leases

The Company leases its headquarters located in Sunnyvale, California, as well as office space and data center facilities in several locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, with expiration dates through fiscal 2033. The lease agreements often include escalating rent payments, renewal provisions and other provisions which require the Company to pay common area maintenance costs, property taxes and insurance. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and long-term operating lease liabilities are included on the face of the consolidated balance sheet. Short-term operating lease liabilities are presented within accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


		As of
	January 31, 2024			January 31, 2023
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$		17,041	$		12,702
Total leased assets	$		17,041	$		12,702
Liabilities
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$		3,742	$		3,617
Long-term operating lease liabilities			13,676			10,426
Total lease liabilities	$		17,418	$		14,043

Weighted-average remaining lease term		6.0 years			4.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate		6.2%			4.5%

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Operating lease costs (1)	$	4,581	$	4,030	$	3,861
Variable lease costs (2)		1,217		1,117		972
Total lease cost	$	5,798	$	5,147	$	4,833

(1) Recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Includes rent for leases with initial terms of twelve months or less, which were not material.

(2) Primarily included common area maintenance, utilities and property taxes and insurance, which were expensed as incurred.

Additionally, in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company recorded facilities consolidation charges of $1.4 million to general and administrative expense, in connection with the leased office facilities assumed in the OnSIP acquisition that the Company subsequently determined were not needed to support the future growth of its business. In July 2023, upon the lessor's sale of the property, the Company wrote off the remaining $1.0 million lease liability related to the lease as facilities consolidation gain in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cash payments for operating leases	$	3,895	$	3,563	$	3,945
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$	7,303	$	2,599	$	11,289

As of January 31, 2024, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	January 31, 2024
2025	$	3,845
2026		3,810
2027		3,648
2028		2,656
2029		2,742
Thereafter		4,629
Total future minimum lease payments		21,330
Less: imputed interest		(3,912	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	17,418

Additionally, in August 2022, the Company entered into a new operating lease agreement to expand its warehouse facilities and customer contact center in Newark, California to scale with the Company’s business growth. The lease commenced in March 2023 and will expire in March 2033. Total rental payments are approximately $6.9 million from the commencement date through the expiration date.

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Components of Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 17,056	$ 17,247
Less: current deferred revenue	17,041	17,216
Non-current deferred revenue included in other long-term liabilities	15	31
Subscription and Services
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	17,034	17,239
Product and Other
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 22	$ 8

Income Taxes - Summary of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 18,486	$ 28,771
Tax credit carryover	14,928	12,205
Operating lease liabilities	4,405	3,547
Stock-based compensation	1,095	923
Capitalized research and development	17,131	6,061
State Taxes	232
Deferred revenue	4	8
Other		22
Gross deferred tax assets	56,281	51,537
Valuation allowance	(42,530)	(43,545)
Net deferred tax assets	13,751	7,992
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(4,309)	(3,202)
Deferred sales commissions and other	(2,119)	(2,396)
Acquired intangible assets	(6,100)	(1,543)
Fixed assets depreciation	(1,223)	(851)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	$ (13,751)	$ (7,992)

Operating Leases - Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Cash payments for operating leases	$ 3,895	$ 3,563	$ 3,945
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$ 7,303	$ 2,599	$ 11,289

Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2: Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

•

identification of the contract(s) with a customer;

•

identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•

determination of the transaction price;

•

allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•

recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2: Observable prices based on inputs not quoted in active markets but are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity

Customers who represented 10% or more of net accounts receivable were as follows:


	As of
	January 31, 2024	January 31, 2023
Customer A	33%	18%

See Note 7: Leases for disclosure of impairment charges recorded in fiscal 2024. The Company did not record any material impairment charges for fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022.

Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Numerator
Net loss	$ (835)	$ (3,655)	$ (1,751)
Denominator
Basic weighted-average common shares	25,573,288	24,506,525	23,473,849
Diluted weighted-average common shares	25,573,288	24,506,525	23,473,849
Basic net loss per share	$ (0.03)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.07)
Diluted net loss per share	$ (0.03)	$ (0.15)	$ (0.07)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 60B
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-60B

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-4

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(25))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(27))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(23))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 52
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482635/260-10-55-52

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 260
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 7
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-7

+ Details

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitments

As of January 31, 2024 and 2023, non-cancelable inventory purchase commitments to contract manufacturers and other parties were approximately $1.1 million and $7.8 million, respectively. Additionally, the Company has a non-cancelable service agreement with a telecommunications provider that contains total annual minimum purchase commitments of $1.5 million between August 2022 and February 2024 and $2.5 million between March 2024 and February 2025.

Legal Proceedings

In addition to the litigation matters described below, from time to time, the Company may be involved in a variety of other claims, lawsuits, investigations, and proceedings relating to contractual disputes, intellectual property rights, employment matters, regulatory compliance matters, and other litigation matters relating to various claims that arise in the normal course of business. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees, the Company may receive unfavorable preliminary or interim rulings in the course of litigation, and there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained.

The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company assesses its potential liability by analyzing specific litigation and regulatory matters using reasonably available information. The Company develops its views on estimated losses in consultation with inside and outside counsel, which involves a subjective analysis of potential results and outcomes, assuming various combinations of appropriate litigation and settlement strategies. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. As of January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any accrued liabilities recorded for loss contingencies in its consolidated financial statements.

Canadian Litigation

On February 3, 2021, plaintiff Fiona Chiu filed a class action complaint against the Company and Ooma Canada Inc. in the Federal Court of Canada, alleging violations of Canada’s Trademarks Act and Competition Act. The complaint seeks monetary and other damages and/or injunctive relief enjoining the Company from describing and marketing its Basic Home Phone using the word “free” or otherwise representing that it is free. On November 9, 2021, the Federal Court of Canada removed Ms. Chiu and substituted John Zanin as the new plaintiff in the proceeding. In connection with the substitution of Mr. Zanin as the new plaintiff, the Federal Court of Canada deemed the proceeding as having commenced on November 8, 2021 instead of February 3, 2021. In January 2022, the Federal Court of Canada heard arguments from counsel representing each of the Company and Mr. Zanin regarding jurisdiction and class action certification issues, and the parties are awaiting the Court's ruling. The Company intends to continue to defend itself vigorously against this complaint. Based on the Company’s current knowledge, the Company has determined that the amount of any reasonably possible loss resulting from the Canadian Litigation is not estimable.

Indemnification

The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for certain losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. In some cases, the term of these indemnification agreements is perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future but have not yet been made.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has director and officer insurance coverage that reduces the Company’s exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. To date the Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with such indemnifications has been recorded to date.

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Non-cancelable inventory purchase commitments	$ 1,100,000	$ 7,800,000
Accrued liabilities for loss contingencies	0	$ 0
Non-Cancelable Service Agreement with Telecommunications Provider \| Minimum
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]
Non-cancelable purchase commitments between August 2022 and July 2023	1,500,000
Non-cancelable purchase commitments between August 2023 and July 2024	$ 2,500,000

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 10: Income Taxes

The domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2022
United States	$	(491	)	$	(2,557	)	$	1,340
Foreign		(2,322	)		(2,868	)		(3,091	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(2,813	)	$	(5,425	)	$	(1,751	)

Income tax benefit consisted of the following:


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2022
Current:
Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
State		1,153			363			—
Foreign		—			—			—
Total current		1,153			363			—
Deferred:
Federal		(2,661	)		(1,783	)		—
State		(470	)		(350	)		—
Foreign		—			—			—
Total deferred		(3,131	)		(2,133	)		—
Income tax benefit	$	(1,978	)	$	(1,770	)	$	—

The income tax benefit of $2.0 million for fiscal 2024 was primarily attributable to the release of a $3.1 million valuation allowance on certain preexisting deferred tax assets realized as a result of deferred tax liabilities assumed in the Company's acquisition of 2600Hz.

Income tax benefit differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax loss as a result of the following (dollars in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			Rate			2023			Rate			2022			Rate
Federal tax at statutory rate	$	(603	)		21	%	$	(1,139	)		21	%	$	(368	)		21	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		(128	)		4	%		(40	)		1	%		52			(3	)%
Foreign income and withholding taxes		(139	)		5	%		(172	)		3	%		(185	)		11	%
Permanent tax adjustment		294			(10	)%		543			(10	)%		58			(3	)%
Section 162(m)		802			(28	)%		843			(16	)%		1,050			(60	)%
Stock-based compensation		812			(28	)%		530			(10	)%		(1,545	)		88	%
Change in valuation allowance		(1,015	)		35	%		(1,566	)		29	%		2,959			(169	)%
Research and development credit		(2,095	)		73	%		(1,288	)		24	%		(1,980	)		113	%
Provision to return adjustments		4			—			533			(10	)%		—			—
Other		90			(3	)%		(14	)		1	%		(41	)		2	%
Income tax benefit at effective tax rate	$	(1,978	)		69	%	$	(1,770	)		33	%	$	—			0	%

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):


	As of January 31,
	2024			2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	18,486		$	28,771
Tax credit carryover		14,928			12,205
Operating lease liabilities		4,405			3,547
Stock-based compensation		1,095			923
Capitalized research and development		17,131			6,061
State Taxes		232			—
Deferred revenue		4			8
Other		—			22
Gross deferred tax assets		56,281			51,537
Valuation allowance		(42,530	)		(43,545	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	13,751		$	7,992
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	(4,309	)	$	(3,202	)
Deferred sales commissions and other		(2,119	)		(2,396	)
Acquired intangible assets		(6,100	)		(1,543	)
Fixed assets depreciation		(1,223	)		(851	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	$	(13,751	)	$	(7,992	)
Net deferred taxes	$	—		$	—

Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, research and development costs are no longer fully deductible and are required to be capitalized and amortized for U.S. tax purposes effective January 1, 2022. As of January 31, 2024, the mandatory capitalization requirement resulted in an increase to the Company’s gross deferred tax assets above, which was fully offset by the valuation allowance, and increases the Company's cash tax liabilities.

Management believes that, based upon the available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized, such that a full valuation allowance has been recorded. The net change in the total valuation allowance was a decrease of $1.0 million and $1.6 million for fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of January 31, 2024, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $47.7 million available to offset future income, of which approximately $5.8 million will expire in various amounts beginning in fiscal 2038 and the remainder may be carried forward indefinitely. As of January 31, 2024, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $70.7 million which will expire in various amounts beginning in fiscal 2025. In addition, the Company had research and development tax credits for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $14.8 million and $12.8 million, respectively, available to offset future taxes. If not utilized, the available federal credits will begin to expire in fiscal 2030 and the state credits can be carried forward indefinitely.

The Company’s ability to utilize the domestic net operating losses (NOLs) and tax credit carryforwards may be limited due to ownership change limitations that may have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Internal Revenue Code Section 382, as well as similar state provisions. An “ownership change,” as defined by the code, results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders or public groups. Any limitation may result in expiration of all or a portion of the NOL or tax credit carryforwards before utilization.

Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company has unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $11.0 million as of January 31, 2024. Deferred tax assets associated with these unrecognized tax benefits are fully offset by a valuation allowance. If recognized, these benefits would not affect the effective tax rate before consideration of the valuation allowance.

The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023			2022
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of fiscal year	$	9,060	$	8,090		$	6,642
Increase (decrease) related to prior year tax positions		670		(331	)		—
Increase related to current year tax positions		1,313		1,301			1,448
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of fiscal year	$	11,043	$	9,060		$	8,090

The Company had no interest or penalty accruals associated with uncertain tax benefits in its balance sheets and statements of operations. The Company does not have any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible the total amount of gross unrecognized benefits will significantly increase or decrease within 12 months of the year ended January 31, 2024. Because the Company has net operating loss and credit carryforwards, there are open statutes of limitations in which federal, state and foreign taxing authorities may examine the Company’s tax returns for all tax years from the fiscal year ended January 31, 2010 through the current period.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	26,000,000	25,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	26,000,000	25,000,000

Business Acquisition - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 20, 2023	Jan. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Stock compensation expense						$ 14,833	$ 13,903	$ 12,682
Acquisition related costs						900
Receivable from the seller for working capital adjustments							300
Revenues						236,737	216,165	192,290
2600Hz, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payment of cash consideration subject to working capital adjustments	$ 32,200
Cash acquired	1,800
Intangible assets	$ 21,200	$ 21,200				21,200
Pro forma revenue						$ 243,700	226,500
Revenues		$ 2,300
2600Hz, Inc \| Restricted Stock Units
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of units issued	423,000
Vesting period	18 months
Stock compensation expense	$ 4,300
2600Hz, Inc \| Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 18,400
Junction Networks, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Pro forma revenue							$ 222,200	$ 205,100
Total cash consideration			$ 9,500
Receivable from the seller for working capital adjustments					$ 300
Revenues				$ 6,500

Income Taxes - Summary of Activity Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits, Beginning Balance	$ 9,060	$ 8,090	$ 6,642
Increase (decrease) related to prior year tax positions	670	(331)
Increase related to current year tax positions	1,313	1,301	1,448
Unrecognized tax benefits, Ending Balance	$ 11,043	$ 9,060	$ 8,090

Retirement Plan - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee contribution, percent of match	50.00%
Employer contribution, percent of match	50.00%
Employee maximum contribution percent of deferred salary amount	6.00%
Vesting percentage	100.00%
Matching contributions to the plan	$ 1.1	$ 0.9	$ 0.7

Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


		As of
	January 31, 2024			January 31, 2023
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$		17,041	$		12,702
Total leased assets	$		17,041	$		12,702
Liabilities
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$		3,742	$		3,617
Long-term operating lease liabilities			13,676			10,426
Total lease liabilities	$		17,418	$		14,043

Weighted-average remaining lease term		6.0 years			4.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate		6.2%			4.5%

Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Operating lease costs (1)	$	4,581	$	4,030	$	3,861
Variable lease costs (2)		1,217		1,117		972
Total lease cost	$	5,798	$	5,147	$	4,833

(1) Recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Includes rent for leases with initial terms of twelve months or less, which were not material.

(2) Primarily included common area maintenance, utilities and property taxes and insurance, which were expensed as incurred.

Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cash payments for operating leases	$	3,895	$	3,563	$	3,945
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$	7,303	$	2,599	$	11,289

Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

As of January 31, 2024, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	January 31, 2024
2025	$	3,845
2026		3,810
2027		3,648
2028		2,656
2029		2,742
Thereafter		4,629
Total future minimum lease payments		21,330
Less: imputed interest		(3,912	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	17,418

Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration of Net Accounts Receivable Balance (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Customer A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	33.00%	18.00%

Financing Arrangements

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Financing Arrangements

Note 12: Financing Arrangements

Revolving Credit Facility

On October 20, 2023, the Company, as borrower, entered into a three-year credit and security agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Citizens Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent (“Agent”) and lender. The Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) under which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $30.0 million, which includes a $10.0 million sub-facility for letters of credit. The Company and its lenders may increase the total commitments under the Credit Facility to up to an aggregate amount of $50.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Funds borrowed under the Credit Agreement may be used for acquisition, working capital and other general corporate purposes.

Loans under the Credit Agreement will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either a rate equal to the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or Term Secure Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Alternate Base Rate is the highest of (i) the Agent’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% per annum, and (iii) the Daily SOFR rate plus 1.00% per annum. The SOFR Rate is a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as published by the SOFR Administrator and displayed on CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited’s Market Data Platform. The Applicable Margin for Alternative Base Rate Loans is 1.25% and the Applicable Margin for the SOFR Loans is 2.00%. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the interest rate on the borrowings increases by 5.00%. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Credit Facility of 0.25% per annum.

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and indemnification provisions in favor of the Agent, lenders and their affiliates. Among other covenants, the Credit Agreement includes restrictive financial covenants that require the Company to meet minimum recurring revenue levels and maintain specified amounts of available liquidity on a quarterly basis.

As of January 31, 2024, the Company had $16.0 million in outstanding borrowings, which are recorded as debt, net of current portion in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The funds were used for the acquisition of 2600Hz at the Term SOFR interest rate of 7.4%. The Company is in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement as of January 31, 2024. Accordingly, $14.0 million of borrowing capacity was available for the purposes permitted by the Credit Agreement.

As of January 31, 2024, the Company incurred $0.5 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the Credit Agreement, which was capitalized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and is amortized on straight-line basis over the term of the Credit Agreement.

On January 8, 2021, the Company, as borrower, entered into a credit and security agreement (“Key Bank Credit Agreement”) with KeyBank National Association ("Key Bank") as Administrative Agent (“Agent”) and lender, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. as sole lead arranger and sole book runner. Prior to its termination as described below, the Key Bank Credit Agreement provided for a secured revolving credit facility under which the Company could have borrowed up to an aggregate amount of $25.0 million, which included a $10.0 million sub-facility for letters of credit. The Company and its lenders were able to increase the total commitments under the credit facility to up to an aggregate amount of $45.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Permitted uses of funds borrowed under the Key Bank Credit Agreement included working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The Key Bank Credit Agreement contained customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and indemnification provisions in favor of the Agent, lenders and their affiliates. Among other covenants, the Key Bank Credit Agreement included restrictive financial covenants that required the Company to meet minimum recurring revenue levels and maintain specified amounts of available liquidity on a quarterly basis.

The Company terminated the Key Bank Credit Agreement on June 7, 2023.

Financing Arrangements - Additional Information (Details) - Revolving Credit Facility - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Oct. 20, 2023	Jan. 08, 2021	Jan. 31, 2024
Credit Agreement
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement initiation date	Oct. 20, 2023
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 50,000,000
Borrowing capacity description			On October 20, 2023, the Company, as borrower, entered into a three-year credit and security agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Citizens Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent (“Agent”) and lender. The Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) under which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $30.0 million, which includes a $10.0 million sub-facility for letters of credit. The Company and its lenders may increase the total commitments under the Credit Facility to up to an aggregate amount of $50.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Funds borrowed under the Credit Agreement may be used for acquisition, working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Credit agreement, Interest rate description			Loans under the Credit Agreement will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either a rate equal to the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or Term Secure Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Alternate Base Rate is the highest of (i) the Agent’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% per annum, and (iii) the Daily SOFR rate plus 1.00% per annum. The SOFR Rate is a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as published by the SOFR Administrator and displayed on CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited’s Market Data Platform. The Applicable Margin for Alternative Base Rate Loans is 1.25% and the Applicable Margin for the SOFR Loans is 2.00%. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the interest rate on the borrowings increases by 5.00%. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Credit Facility of 0.25% per annum.
Percentage of commitment fees on revolving credit facility	0.25%
Borrowing remaining capacity			$ 14,000,000
Debt issuance costs			$ 500,000
Credit Agreement \| SOFR
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement, rate	2.00%
Credit agreement, Variable rate	1.00%		7.40%
Borrowing capacity, Outstanding amount			$ 16,000,000
Credit Agreement \| Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement, rate	1.25%
Credit agreement, Variable rate	0.50%
Credit Agreement \| Maximum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 30,000,000
Credit Agreement \| Maximum \| SOFR
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate increases on borrowings	5.00%
Credit Agreement \| Letters of Credit
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 10,000,000
Key Bank Credit Agreement
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement initiation date		Jan. 08, 2021
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 45,000,000
Borrowing capacity description		On January 8, 2021, the Company, as borrower, entered into a credit and security agreement (“Key Bank Credit Agreement”) with KeyBank National Association ("Key Bank") as Administrative Agent (“Agent”) and lender, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. as sole lead arranger and sole book runner. Prior to its termination as described below, the Key Bank Credit Agreement provided for a secured revolving credit facility under which the Company could have borrowed up to an aggregate amount of $25.0 million, which included a $10.0 million sub-facility for letters of credit. The Company and its lenders were able to increase the total commitments under the credit facility to up to an aggregate amount of $45.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Permitted uses of funds borrowed under the Key Bank Credit Agreement included working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Key Bank Credit Agreement \| Maximum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity		$ 25,000,000
Key Bank Credit Agreement \| Letters of Credit
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity		$ 10,000,000

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Payroll and related expenses	$ 12,301	$ 13,621
Regulatory fees and taxes	4,598	3,609
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$ 3,742	$ 3,617
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Customer-related liabilities	$ 1,118	$ 1,045
Other	4,827	4,834
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 26,586	$ 26,726

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Note 8: Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The Company had shares of common stock reserved for issuance as follows (in thousands):


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Restricted stock units outstanding		2,075		1,466
Options to purchase common stock		1,161		1,217
Shares available for future issuance under stock plans		2,601		2,654
Shares reserved under ESPP		1,909		1,637
Total shares reserved for issuance		7,746		6,974

Stock Options. Under the Company's 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2015 Plan, options to purchase shares of common stock may be granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. These options vest from the date of grant to up to four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. Options may be exercised anytime during their term in accordance with the vesting/exercise schedule specified in the recipient’s stock option agreement and in accordance with the 2015 Plan provisions.

Stock option activity for fiscal 2024 was as follows:


				Weighted-Average		Aggregate
	Shares			Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands)			Per Share		(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2023		1,217		$	9.93	$	5,949
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(54	)	$	4.90
Canceled		(2	)	$	13.36
Balance as of January 31, 2024		1,161		$	10.14	$	2,522
Vested and exercisable as of January 31, 2024		1,068		$	9.63	$	2,520

The aggregate intrinsic value of vested options exercised during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $0.5 million, $1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during fiscal 2023 and 2022, was $8.06 and $7.89, respectively. No options were granted in fiscal 2024.

Restricted Stock Units. Under the 2015 Plan, RSUs may be granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. These RSUs vest ratably over a period ranging from one to four years, and are subject to the participant’s continuing service to the Company over that period. Until vested, RSUs do not have the voting and dividend participation rights of common stock and the shares underlying the awards are not considered issued and outstanding.

RSU activity for fiscal 2024 was as follows:


	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance as of January 31, 2023		1,466		$	15.81
Granted		1,507		$	12.30
Vested		(835	)	$	14.65
Canceled		(63	)	$	15.24
Balance as of January 31, 2024		2,075		$	13.74

Vested RSUs included shares of common stock that the Company withheld on behalf of certain employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements, as defined by the Company. The Company withheld an aggregate amount of $1.7 million, $1.6 million and $2.1 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which were classified as financing cash outflows in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company canceled and returned these shares to the 2015 Plan, which became available under the plan terms for future issuance.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation, subject to plan limitations. The ESPP provides for a 24-month offering period comprised of four purchase periods of approximately six months. Employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of the first date or the ending date of each six-month offering period. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after March 15 and September 15 of each year. During each of the fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, employees purchased 0.2 million shares at a weighted-average purchase price of $10.60, $10.44 and $10.22 per share, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Stockholders' Equity - Summarizes of Restricted Stock Units Activities (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Shares, RSUs Beginning Balance \| shares	1,466
Shares, Granted \| shares	1,507
Shares, Vested \| shares	(835)
Shares, Canceled \| shares	(63)
Shares, RSUs Ending Balance \| shares	2,075
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Beginning Balance \| $ / shares	$ 15.81
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Granted \| $ / shares	12.3
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Vested \| $ / shares	14.65
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Canceled \| $ / shares	15.24
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 13.74

Stockholders' Equity - Summarizes of Stock Option Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Number of Shares
Shares, Beginning balance	1,217,000
Shares, Granted	0
Shares, Exercised	(54,000)
Shares, Canceled	(2,000)
Shares, Ending balance	1,161,000
Shares, Vested and exercisable	1,068,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Beginning balance	$ 9.93
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted	0
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised	4.90
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Canceled	13.36
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Ending balance	10.14
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Vested and exercisable	$ 9.63
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 2,522	$ 5,949
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and exercisable	$ 2,520

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share-based awards	$ 27,200,000
Compensation expenses recognized over weighted average vesting period	2 years 2 months 12 days

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Revenue and Deferred Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Revenue Source

Revenue disaggregated by revenue source consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Subscription and services revenue	$	221,624	$	199,105	$	175,942
Product and other revenue		15,113		17,060		16,348
Total revenue	$	236,737	$	216,165	$	192,290

Components of Deferred Revenue


	As of
	January 31, 2024		January 31, 2023
Subscription and services	$	17,034	$	17,239
Product and other		22		8
Total deferred revenue	$	17,056		17,247
Less: current deferred revenue		17,041		17,216
Non-current deferred revenue included in other long-term liabilities	$	15	$	31

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	7,746	6,974
Restricted stock units outstanding
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	2,075	1,466
Options to purchase common stock
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	1,161	1,217
Shares available for future issuance under stock plans
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	2,601	2,654
Shares reserved under ESPP
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	1,909	1,637

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 17,536,000	$ 24,137,000
Short-term investments	0	2,723,000
Accounts receivable, net	9,864,000	7,131,000
Inventories	19,782,000	26,246,000
Other current assets	16,497,000	14,368,000
Total current assets	63,679,000	74,605,000
Property and equipment, net	9,897,000	7,996,000
Operating lease right-of-use assets	17,041,000	12,702,000
Intangible assets, net	27,952,000	10,463,000
Goodwill	23,069,000	8,655,000
Other assets	17,615,000	16,584,000
Total assets	159,253,000	131,005,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	7,848,000	13,462,000
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	26,586,000	26,726,000
Deferred revenue	17,041,000	17,216,000
Total current liabilities	51,475,000	57,404,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities	13,676,000	10,426,000
Debt, net of current portion	16,000,000
Other long-term liabilities	15,000	31,000
Total liabilities	81,166,000	67,861,000
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock $0.0001 par value: 10 million shares authorized; none issued and outstanding
Common stock $0.0001 par value: 100 million shares authorized; 26.0 million and 25.0 million shares issued and outstanding, respectively	5,000	5,000
Additional paid-in capital	211,361,000	195,605,000
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,000)	(23,000)
Accumulated deficit	(133,278,000)	(132,443,000)
Total stockholders’ equity	78,087,000	63,144,000
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 159,253,000	$ 131,005,000

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2022	Oct. 20, 2023
Goodwill [Line Items]
Amortization expense	$ 3,711	$ 2,286	$ 1,304
Goodwill	14,414
2600Hz, Inc
Goodwill [Line Items]
Intangibles	21,200			$ 21,200
Goodwill	$ 14,400

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 24
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1A
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1A

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-2

+ Details

Net Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Note 14: Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss allocable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is the same as basic net loss per share because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive because the Company reported net losses for all periods presented.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2024			2023			2022
Numerator
Net loss	$	(835	)	$	(3,655	)	$	(1,751	)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares		25,573,288			24,506,525			23,473,849
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.15	)	$	(0.07	)

Potentially dilutive securities of approximately 0.6 million, 0.7 million and 1.4 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. These shares included the Company’s unvested RSUs, outstanding stock options and shares to be purchased under the ESPP.

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 12,024	$ 13,715
Raw materials	7,758	12,531
Total inventory	$ 19,782	$ 26,246