0001564590-21-018013 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Jul. 31, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jan. 31, 2021
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	OOMA
Entity Registrant Name	Ooma Inc
Entity Central Index Key	0001327688
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--01-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity File Number	001-37493
Entity Tax Identification Number	06-1713274
Entity Address, Address Line One	525 Almanor Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	Sunnyvale
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94085
City Area Code	650
Local Phone Number	566-6600
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		23,200,000
Entity Public Float			$ 315
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Documents Incorporated by Reference	DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 17,298	$ 11,680
Short-term investments	11,013	14,384
Accounts receivable, net	5,228	4,591
Inventories	12,233	8,369
Other current assets	10,222	8,992
Total current assets	55,994	48,016
Property and equipment, net	5,071	5,270
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,045	8,057
Intangible assets, net	5,513	6,818
Goodwill	4,264	4,264
Other assets	12,210	8,186
Total assets	89,097	80,611
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	7,499	8,499
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	22,731	22,576
Deferred revenue	16,426	15,797
Total current liabilities	46,656	46,872
Long-term operating lease liabilities	2,815	5,150
Other liabilities	75	174
Total liabilities	49,546	52,196
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock $0.0001 par value: 10 million shares authorized; none issued and outstanding
Common stock $0.0001 par value: 100 million shares authorized; 22.9 million and 21.7 million shares issued and outstanding, respectively	4	4
Additional paid-in capital	166,577	152,993
Accumulated other comprehensive income	7	14
Accumulated deficit	(127,037)	(124,596)
Total stockholders’ equity	39,551	28,415
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 89,097	$ 80,611

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	22,900,000	21,700,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	22,900,000	21,700,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 168,947	$ 151,593	$ 129,231
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	64,143	62,212	52,740
Gross profit	104,804	89,381	76,491
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	50,919	50,497	40,761
Research and development	36,079	37,770	33,903
General and administrative	20,581	20,825	17,613
Total operating expenses	107,579	109,092	92,277
Loss from operations	(2,775)	(19,711)	(15,786)
Interest and other income, net	419	780	830
Loss before income taxes	(2,356)	(18,931)	(14,956)
Income tax (provision) benefit	(85)	130	384
Net loss	$ (2,441)	$ (18,801)	$ (14,572)
Net loss per share of common stock:
Basic and diluted	$ (0.11)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.74)
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic and diluted	22,361,312	21,051,039	19,799,781
Subscription and services
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 156,873	$ 139,499	$ 116,429
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	46,134	43,748	36,108
Product and other
Revenue:
Total revenue	12,074	12,094	12,802
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 18,009	$ 18,464	$ 16,632

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Common Stock and Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2018	$ 37,068		$ 128,083	$ (84)	$ (90,931)
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2018			19,115,434
Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans	2,935		$ 2,935
Issuance of common stock under equity based plans, Shares			1,374,336
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs	(2,926)		$ (2,926)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs, Shares			(213,181)
Issuance of common stock for business acquisition	390		$ 390
Issuance of common stock for business acquisition, Shares			35,513
Stock-based compensation	10,370		$ 10,370
Other comprehensive income (loss)	74			74
Net loss	(14,572)				(14,572)
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2019	33,047	$ (292)	$ 138,852	(10)	(105,795)	$ (292)
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible List]		us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member				us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2019			20,312,102
Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans	2,951		$ 2,951
Issuance of common stock under equity based plans, Shares			1,515,111
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs	(1,523)		$ (1,523)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs, Shares			(111,085)
Stock-based compensation	12,717		$ 12,717
Other comprehensive income (loss)	24			24
Net loss	(18,801)				(18,801)
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2020	28,415		$ 152,997	14	(124,596)
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2020			21,716,128
Issuance of common stock under equity-based plans	2,950		$ 2,950
Issuance of common stock under equity based plans, Shares			1,279,820
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs	(1,641)		$ (1,641)
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs, Shares			(122,928)
Stock-based compensation	12,275		$ 12,275
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(7)			(7)
Net loss	(2,441)				(2,441)
BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2021	$ 39,551		$ 166,581	$ 7	$ (127,037)
BALANCE, Shares at Jan. 31, 2021			22,873,020

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (2,441)	$ (18,801)	$ (14,572)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	12,275	12,761	10,370
Depreciation and amortization of capital expenditures	2,877	2,548	2,269
Amortization of intangible assets and non-cash acquisition-related items	1,304	1,027	398
Non-cash operating lease expense	3,198	1,997
Non-cash restructuring charges		1,603
Deferred income taxes		(144)	(384)
Other	46	(147)	(332)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(637)	135	(1,050)
Inventories	(3,378)	407	(4,213)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,496)	(4,965)	(5,334)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(3,911)	(4,089)	8,150
Deferred revenue	530	104	772
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	4,367	(7,564)	(3,926)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments	(20,077)	(31,234)	(38,485)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments	22,866	38,522	53,736
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments	600	5,924	5,225
Capital expenditures	(3,160)	(3,273)	(1,921)
Business acquisition, net of cash assumed		(7,073)	(2,402)
Payment for purchase of convertible note			(1,300)
Net cash provided by investing activities	229	2,866	14,853
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	2,905	2,951	2,886
Payment of credit facility issuance costs	(242)
Payment of acquisition-related holdback		(420)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,022	1,008	(40)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	5,618	(3,690)	10,887
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	11,680	15,370	4,483
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	17,298	11,680	15,370
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable at period-end	1	413	201
Acquisition-related consideration accrued at period-end			1,011
Shares issued for business acquisition and related earn-out			390
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs	$ (1,641)	$ (1,523)	$ (2,926)

Overview and Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Overview and Basis of Presentation

Note 1: Overview and Basis of Presentation

Ooma, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Ooma” or the “Company”) create new communications experiences for businesses and consumers, delivered from its smart cloud-based SaaS and UCaaS platforms. The Company is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California.

Principles of Presentation and Consolidation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

Fiscal Year. The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 refer to the fiscal years ended January 31, 2021, January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, deferred commissions, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, operating lease assets and liabilities, regulatory fees and indirect tax accruals, loss contingencies, stock-based compensation, income taxes (including valuation allowances) and fair value measurements. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, where applicable, and other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, including but not limited to the potential impacts arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and assumptions are inherently subjective in nature. Therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

Comprehensive Loss. For all periods presented, comprehensive loss approximated net loss in the consolidated statements of operations and differences were not material. Therefore, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss have been omitted.

Segment Reporting. The chief operating decision maker for the Company is the chief executive officer, who reviews the Company’s financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company operates in a single reportable segment.

Revenue was principally derived from customers located in the United States for all periods presented, with a small portion attributable to customers located in Canada and other countries. Long-lived assets located outside of the United States were not significant.

Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2: Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenue from two sources: (1) subscription and services revenue, which is derived primarily from the sale of subscription plans for communications services and other connected services; and (2) product and other revenue. Subscriptions and services are sold directly to end-customers. Products are sold to end-customers through several channels, including but not limited to distributors, retailers and resellers (collectively “channel partners”), and Ooma sales representatives.

Under Topic 606, the Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

•

identification of the contract(s) with a customer;

•

identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•

determination of the transaction price;

•

allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•

recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation

Subscription and Services Revenue. Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from recurring subscription fees related to service plans such as Ooma Business, Ooma Residential and other communications services. Service plans are generally sold as monthly subscriptions; however, certain plans are also offered as annual or multi-year subscriptions. Subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual service term. A small portion of total revenue is recognized on an over-time basis from installation-related services and on a point-in-time basis from services such as: prepaid international calls, directory assistance, and advertisements displayed through its Talkatone mobile application.

Product and Other Revenue. Product and other revenue is generated from the sale of on-premise appliances and end-point devices, and to a lesser extent from porting fees that enable customers to transfer their existing phone numbers. The Company recognizes revenue from sales to direct end-customers and channel partners at the point-in-time that control transfers, which is typically when it delivers the product or when all customer contractual provisions have been met, if any. The Company’s distribution agreements with channel partners typically contain clauses for price protection and right of return. Credits and/or rebates issued for expected product returns and sales incentives are deemed to be variable consideration under Topic 606, which the Company estimates and records as a reduction to revenue at the point of sale. Product returns and customer sales incentives are estimated based on the Company’s historical experience, current trends and expectations regarding future experience. As of January 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had total reserves for product returns and sales incentives of approximately $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Revenue is recorded net of any sales and telecommunications taxes collected from customers to be remitted to government authorities. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as product and other revenue. Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and classified as cost of revenue.

Multiple performance obligations. The Company’s contracts with customers typically contain multiple performance obligations that consist of product(s) and related communications services. For these contracts, individual performance obligations are accounted for separately if they are distinct. The contract transaction price is then allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The Company determines the SSP for its communications services based on observable historical stand-alone sales to customers, for which a substantial majority of selling prices must fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range. The Company establishes SSP for its on-premise appliances and end-point devices based upon management’s best estimates and judgments, considering company-specific factors such as pricing strategies, discounting practices, and estimated product and other costs.

Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments. All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income. The cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company estimates and categorizes the fair value of its financial assets by applying the following hierarchy:

▪	Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

▪	Level 2: Observable prices based on inputs not quoted in active markets but are corroborated by market data.

▪	Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity

Transfers among Level classifications are recognized as of the actual date of the events or change in circumstances that caused the transfers. The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and other current assets and current liabilities approximates fair value due to their short maturities.

Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and convertible note receivable. The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments are held by financial institutions that management believes are of high-credit quality. Such investments and deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company performs credit evaluations of its channel partners’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral for sales made on credit.

As of January 31, 2021, one customer accounted for 10% of the Company’s net accounts receivable balance. As of January 31, 2020, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net accounts receivable balance.

Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated credit losses. Allowances are recorded based upon the Company’s assessment of several factors, including historical experience, aging of receivable balances and economic conditions. As of January 31, 2021 and 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Bad debt expense recorded in the consolidated statement of operations was not material for the periods presented.

Inventories. Inventories, which consist of raw materials and finished goods, include the cost to purchase manufactured products, allocated labor and overhead. Inventories are stated at the lower of actual cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company’s assessment of market value requires the use of estimates regarding the net realizable value of its inventory balances, including management’s assessment of excess or obsolete inventory based upon forecast demand and market conditions. Adjustments to reduce inventory to net realizable value are recognized as a component of cost of revenue in the consolidated statement of operations.

Customer Acquisition Costs. Sales commissions and other costs paid to internal sales personnel, third-party sales entities and value-added resellers are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining customer contracts. (The resellers are selling agents for the Company and earn sales commissions that are directly tied to the value of the contracts that the Company enters with the end-user customers.) In accordance with Topic 606, these costs are capitalized and amortized on a systematic basis over the expected period of benefit of five years, or customer contractual term for multi-year contracts, calculated based on both qualitative and quantitative factors, such as expected subscription term and expected renewal periods of its customer contracts, product life cycles and customer attrition. Amortization expense is recorded in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company pays sales commissions on initial contracts and contracts for increased purchases with existing customers (expansion contracts) and does not pay commissions for contract renewals. The Company periodically evaluates whether there have been any changes in its business, the market conditions in which it operates or other events which would indicate that its amortization period should be changed or if there are potential indicators of impairment. To date, there have been no material impairment losses related to the costs capitalized.

Internal-Use Website Development Costs. The Company capitalizes certain costs to develop its websites when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Such costs primarily include payroll-related costs for engineers and contractors directly associated with the development project. Capitalized website development costs are included in property and equipment and are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of two years. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred.

Property and Equipment, net. Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets, generally two to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Repairs and maintenance costs that do not extend the life or improve the asset are expensed as incurred.

Operating Leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company’s leases primarily consist of real property and are classified as operating leases. The Company does not have any finance leases nor material arrangements as a lessor. Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based upon the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease terms may include options to renew or extend when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single component. Short-term leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Financial results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after February 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported under Topic 840.

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment arise. The Company has a single reporting unit and consequently evaluates goodwill for impairment based on an evaluation of the fair value of the Company as a whole. No impairment has been recognized for any of the periods presented.

Intangible Assets. Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill, which primarily consist of developed technology and customer relationships, are amortized over their useful lives unless the lives are determined to be indefinite. For intangible assets acquired in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values. Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used to measure fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, capitalized website development costs, and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

During fiscal 2020, the Company recorded impairment charges of $0.7 million to cost of product revenue for abandoned developed technology and trade names associated with the Ooma Smart Cam, which was acquired through the fiscal 2018 acquisition of Butterfleye, Inc. and discontinued in October 2019. The Company did not record any material impairment charges for fiscal 2021 or fiscal 2019.

Research and Development. Research and development costs are charged to operating expenses as incurred in the consolidated statements of operations, except for internal-use website development costs that qualify for capitalization, as per above. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs for employees and contractors, including stock-based compensation, as well as license and product certification fees, and allocated costs of facilities and information technology.

Advertising. Advertising costs are included in sales and marketing and expensed as incurred, except for production costs associated with television and radio advertising, which are expensed on the first date of airing. Advertising costs were $12.2 million, $13.6 million and $13.7 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Advertising payments to the Company’s channel partners recorded as a reduction in revenue totaled $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and non-employee directors is measured at the grant date fair value of the equity award. The fair value of options granted and purchase rights under the Company’s ESPP are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model. The fair value of each RSU granted is determined using the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Forfeitures are recorded in the period in which they occur.

Income Taxes. Income taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income (loss) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. A tax position is recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. A tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority.

Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as income tax expense. The Company had no interest or penalty accruals associated with uncertain tax benefits in its consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations for any periods presented.

Foreign currency. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. Remeasurement and transaction gains and losses are included in interest and other income, net and were not material for any periods presented.

Adopted Accounting Standards

Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. On February 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaced the legacy incurred loss impairment model with an expected credit loss model. The Company’s accounts receivable, convertible note receivable and available-for-sale debt securities were subject to this standard. The standard was adopted using the modified retrospective transition method, with no adjustment to accumulated deficit. Adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company will continue to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its estimate of expected credit losses.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies certain aspects of the accounting for income as well as clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The Company is adopting the new guidance on February 1, 2021 and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue and Deferred Revenue

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenue and Deferred Revenue

Note 3: Revenue and Deferred Revenue

Disaggregated revenue

Revenue disaggregated by revenue source consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Subscription and services revenue	$	156,873	$	139,499	$	116,429
Product and other revenue		12,074		12,094		12,802
Total revenue	$	168,947	$	151,593	$	129,231

The Company derived approximately 54%, 58% and 68% of its total revenue from Ooma Residential and approximately 44%, 39% and 28% from Ooma Business in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

No individual country outside of the United States represented 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the periods presented.

Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of meeting revenue recognition criteria. Deferred services revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the term of the contract as the services are provided.

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Subscription and services	$	16,433	$	15,892
Product and other		68		79
Total deferred revenue	$	16,501		15,971
Less: current deferred revenue		16,426		15,797
Non-current deferred revenue included in other long-term liabilities	$	75	$	174

During fiscal 2021, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $15.7 million pertaining to amounts deferred as of January 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2021, the Company’s deferred revenue balance was primarily composed of subscription contracts that were invoiced during fiscal 2021.

Remaining performance obligations

As of January 31, 2021, contract revenue that has not yet been recognized for open contracts with an original expected length of greater than one year was approximately $8.0 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 54% of this amount over the next 12 months, with the balance to be recognized thereafter.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 4: Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the fair value hierarchy were as follows (in thousands):

	Balance as of January 31, 2021						Balance as of January 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	1,657	$	—	$	1,657	$	4,822	$	—	$	4,822
U.S. agency securities		—		1,000		1,000		—		—		—
U.S. treasury securities		250		—		250		—		—		—
Total cash equivalents	$	1,907	$	1,000	$	2,907	$	4,822	$	—	$	4,822
Cash						14,391						6,858
Total cash and cash equivalents					$	17,298					$	11,680

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	9,782	$	—	$	9,782	$	4,492	$	—	$	4,492
Corporate debt securities		—		929		929		—		3,504		3,504
Asset-backed securities		—		302		302		—		906		906
Commercial paper		—		—		—		—		5,482		5,482
Total short-term investments	$	9,782	$	1,231	$	11,013	$	4,492	$	9,892	$	14,384

The Company classifies its cash equivalents and short-term investments as Level 1 or Level 2 because it uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine their fair value.

For the periods presented, the amortized cost of cash equivalents and marketable securities approximated their fair value and there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate. The Company had no material Level 3 assets or liabilities and there have been no transfers between levels. The contractual maturities of short-term investments as of January 31, 2021 were all less than one year in duration.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Balance Sheet Components

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Components

Note 5: Balance Sheet Components

The following sections and tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands):

Inventories

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Finished goods	$	11,057	$	6,988
Raw materials		1,176		1,381
Total inventory	$	12,233	$	8,369

Property and equipment, net

		As of
	Estimated life (in years)	January 31, 2021			January 31, 2020
Computer hardware and software	3-4	$	6,944		$	7,046
Network and engineering equipment	3-5		4,164			3,479
Website development costs	2		3,191			2,689
Customer premise equipment	3		2,041			691
Office furniture and fixtures	5		124			124
Leasehold improvements	1-5		418			420
Total property and equipment			16,882			14,449
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(11,811	)		(9,179	)
Property and equipment, net		$	5,071		$	5,270

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment totaled $2.9 million, $2.5 million and $2.3 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other current and non-current assets

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Deferred sales commissions, current	$	4,689	$	2,525
Prepaid expenses		3,152		2,739
Convertible note receivable, including accrued interest		1,605		1,453
Deferred inventory costs		381		867
Other current assets		395		1,408
Total other current assets	$	10,222	$	8,992

Deferred sales commissions, non-current	$	11,474	$	7,412
Other non-current assets		736		774
Total other non-current assets	$	12,210	$	8,186

Customer Acquisition Costs. Amortization expense for total deferred sales commissions was $3.9 million, $2.2 million and $0.7 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Global Telecom Corporation (“GTC”). In December 2018, the Company invested $1.3 million in cash in GTC, a privately-held technology company, in exchange for a convertible promissory note that will convert to shares of GTC stock upon the occurrence of certain future events. The convertible note and related interest is currently payable upon the Company’s demand. The Company has also partnered with GTC on certain research and development and inventory procurement activities. GTC is a variable interest entity for accounting purposes and the Company does not consolidate GTC into its financial statements because the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss is equal to the carrying value of the convertible note receivable, including accrued interest. Additionally, as of January

31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s non-cancelable purchase commitments with GTC were zero and $2.2 million, respectively.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Payroll and related expenses	$	11,062	$	8,942
Regulatory fees and taxes		4,141		4,777
Short-term operating lease liabilities		3,831		3,263
Customer sales incentives		1,016		1,293
Other		2,681		4,301
Total accrued expenses	$	22,731	$	22,576

Acquired Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]

Acquired Intangible Assets

Note 6: Acquired Intangible Assets

The gross value, accumulated amortization and carrying values of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):

		As of January 31, 2021							As of January 31, 2020
	Estimated life (in years)	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Value		Carrying Value
Customer relationships	5-7	$	6,735	$	(1,908	)	$	4,827	$	5,841
Developed technology	5		1,809		(1,385	)		424		622
Trade names	5		564		(302	)		262		355
Total intangible assets		$	9,108	$	(3,595	)	$	5,513	$	6,818

Amortization expense was $1.3 million, $1.2 million and $0.7 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

At January 31, 2021, the estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	Total
2022	$	1,305
2023		1,305
2024		940
2025		852
2026		833
Thereafter		278
Total	$	5,513

Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Operating Leases

Note 7: Operating Leases

The Company leases its headquarters located in Sunnyvale, California, as well as office and data center space in several locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, with expiration dates through fiscal 2025. The lease agreements often include escalating rent payments, renewal provisions and other provisions which require the Company to pay common area maintenance costs, property taxes and insurance. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	As of
	January 31, 2021			January 31, 2020
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	6,045		$	8,057
Total leased assets	$	6,045		$	8,057
Liabilities
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	3,831		$	3,263
Long-term operating lease liabilities		2,815			5,150
Total lease liabilities	$	6,646		$	8,413

Weighted-average remaining lease term	2.2 years			2.6 years
Weighted-average discount rate		4.62	%		5.36	%

Operating lease right-of-use assets and long-term operating lease liabilities are included on the face of the consolidated balance sheet. Short-term operating lease liabilities are presented within accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

The components of lease expense under Topic 842 were as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020
Operating lease costs ⁽¹⁾	$	3,947	$	2,796
Variable lease costs ⁽²⁾		948		1,062
Total lease cost	$	4,895	$	3,858

(1) Recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Includes rent for leases with initial terms of twelve months or less, which were not material.

(2) Primarily included common area maintenance, utilities and property taxes and insurance, which were expensed as incurred.

Total lease costs for fiscal 2019 were $3.4 million under Topic 840.

In October 2017, the Company entered into an office sublease agreement with Fiserv Solutions, LLC (“Fiserv”) to lease approximately 33,400 rentable square feet of an office building located in Sunnyvale, California, the Company’s corporate headquarters. During the lease term, one of the members of the Company’s board of directors was also a member of Fiserv’s board of directors. The Company incurred total lease costs under this sublease agreement of approximately $1.0 million and $1.2 million for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, which were included in total lease costs above. This sublease expired at the end of November 2019. In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company entered into a new sublease agreement with an unrelated third party to lease its current corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, California from December 1, 2019 through January 31, 2022.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020
Cash payments for operating leases	$	3,343	$	2,148
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$	1,196	$	5,856

As of January 31, 2021, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	January 31, 2021
2022	$	3,919
2023		1,628
2024		1,242
2025		200
Total lease payments		6,989
Less: imputed interest		(343	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,646

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Note 8: Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The Company had shares of common stock reserved for issuance as follows (in thousands):

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Restricted stock units outstanding		1,441		1,657
Options to purchase common stock		1,366		1,416
Shares available for future issuance under stock plans		1,887		1,530
Shares reserved under ESPP		1,131		903
Total shares reserved for issuance		5,825		5,506

Stock Options. Under the Company's 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2015 Plan, options to purchase shares of common stock may be granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. These options vest from the date of grant to up to four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. Options may be exercised anytime during their term in accordance with the vesting/exercise schedule specified in the recipient’s stock option agreement and in accordance with the 2015 plan provisions.

Stock option activity for fiscal 2021 was as follows:

				Weighted Average		Aggregate
	Shares			Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands)			Per Share		(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2020		1,416		$	7.35	$	8,530
Granted		133		$	10.61
Exercised		(171	)	$	5.26
Canceled		(12	)	$	5.11
Balance as of January 31, 2021		1,366		$	7.95	$	7,803
Vested and exercisable as of January 31, 2021		1,179		$	7.31	$	7,427

The aggregate intrinsic value of vested options exercised during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $1.4 million, $2.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $4.72, $7.13 and $5.28, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units. Under the 2015 Plan, RSUs may be granted to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. These RSUs vest ratably over a period ranging from one to four years, and are subject to the participant’s continuing service to the Company over that period. Until vested, RSUs do not have the voting and dividend participation rights of common stock and the shares underlying the awards are not considered issued and outstanding.

RSU activity for fiscal 2021 and 2020 was as follows:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance as of January 31, 2019		1,925		$	10.49
Granted		1,035		$	14.91
Vested		(1,038	)	$	10.64
Canceled		(265	)	$	12.56
Balance as of January 31, 2020		1,657		$	12.82
Granted		769		$	11.04
Vested		(904	)	$	11.76
Canceled		(81	)	$	12.83
Balance as of January 31, 2021		1,441		$	12.54

Vested RSUs included shares of common stock that the Company withheld on behalf of certain employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements, as defined by the Company. The Company withheld an aggregate amount of $1.6 million, $1.5 million and $2.9 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which were classified as financing cash outflows in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company canceled and returned these shares to the 2015 Plan, which are available under the plan terms for future issuance.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation (subject to plan limitations). The ESPP provides for a 24-month offering period comprised of four purchase periods of approximately six months. Employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of the first date or the ending date of each six-month offering period. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after March 15 and September 15 of each year.

During fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, employees purchased 0.2 million, 0.2 million and 0.3 million shares, respectively, at a weighted purchase price of $9.98, $9.97 and $6.82 per share, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note 9: Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation recognized for stock-based awards in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	1,015	$	1,262	$	920
Sales and marketing		1,910		1,929		1,442
Research and development		4,267		4,610		3,762
General and administrative		5,083		4,960		4,246
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	12,275	$	12,761	$	10,370

The income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense was zero for all periods presented due to a full valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets (see Note 10: Income Taxes below). As of January 31, 2021, there was $18.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, stock options and ESPP that will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2 years.

The fair value of employee stock options and ESPP was estimated using the Black–Scholes model with the following assumptions, as applicable:

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021	2020	2019
Stock Options:
Expected volatility	47%	44%	43%
Expected term (in years)	6.1	6.1	6.1
Risk-free interest rate	0.6%	2.5%	2.7
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021	2020	2019
ESPP:
Expected volatility	46%-83%	40%-51%	39%-56%
Expected term (in years)	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0
Risk-free interest rate	0.1%-0.4%	1.7%-2.5%	2.0%-2.8%
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA

The expected term of options granted to employees is based on the simplified method as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data, and the expected term of the ESPP is based on the contractual term. Expected volatility is derived from a combination of the average historical volatility of the Company’s own common stock and a group of comparable publicly traded companies. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 10: Income Taxes

Loss before income taxes consisted of the following components (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021			2020			2019
United States	$	(120	)	$	(17,051	)	$	(13,497	)
Foreign		(2,236	)		(1,880	)		(1,459	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(2,356	)	$	(18,931	)	$	(14,956	)

Income tax provision (benefit) differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax loss as a result of the following (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021			Rate			2020			Rate			2019			Rate
Federal tax at statutory rate	$	(495	)		21	%	$	(3,975	)		21	%	$	(3,141	)		21	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		75			(3	)%		12			—			(494	)		3	%
Foreign income and withholding taxes		(87	)		3	%		(98	)		1	%		(105	)		1	%
Permanent tax adjustment		163			(7	)%		114			(1	)%		352			(2	)%
Section 162(m)		598			(25	)%		606			(3	)%		491			(4	)%
Stock-based compensation		(251	)		11	%		(624	)		3	%		(991	)		7	%
Change in valuation allowance		185			(8	)%		5,445			(29	)%		5,603			(37	)%
Research and development credit		(243	)		10	%		(1,279	)		7	%		(2,155	)		14	%
Other		140			(6	)%		(331	)		2	%		56			—
Income tax provision (benefit) at effective tax rate	$	85			(4	)%	$	(130	)		1	%	$	(384	)		3	%

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

	As of January 31,
	2021			2020
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	40,624		$	38,407
Tax credit carryover		8,963			8,171
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,686			2,131
Stock-based compensation		1,101			1,167
Acquired intangible assets		53			(16	)
Deferred revenue		19			44
Other		14			184
Gross deferred tax assets		52,460			50,088
Valuation allowance		(49,566	)		(47,792	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	2,894		$	2,296
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	$	(1,533	)	$	(2,042	)
Accruals and reserves		(1,265	)		(130	)
Fixed assets depreciation		(96	)		(124	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	$	(2,894	)	$	(2,296	)
Net deferred taxes	$	—		$	—

Management believes that, based upon the available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized, such that a full valuation allowance has been recorded. The net change in the total valuation allowance for fiscal 2021 and 2020 were increases of $1.8 million and $13.5 million, respectively.

As of January 31, 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $123.3 million and $70.2 million, respectively, available to offset future taxable income. If not utilized, these available carryforward losses will expire in various amounts for federal and state tax purposes beginning in 2030. In addition, the Company had research and development tax credits for federal and state purposes of approximately $8.4 million and $8.3 million, respectively, available to offset future taxes. If not utilized, the available federal credits will begin to expire in 2030. California state research and development tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely.

Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company has unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $6.6 million as of January 31, 2021. Deferred tax assets associated with these unrecognized tax benefits are fully offset by a valuation allowance. If recognized, these benefits would not affect the effective tax rate before consideration of the valuation allowance.

The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

Balance at January 31, 2019	$	4,425
Increase related to current year tax positions		1,592
Balance at January 31, 2020		6,017
Decrease related to prior year positions		(362	)
Increase related to current year tax positions		987
Balance at January 31, 2021	$	6,642

The Company had no interest or penalty accruals associated with uncertain tax benefits in its balance sheets and statements of operations. The Company does not have any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible the total amount of gross unrecognized benefits will increase or decrease within 12 months of the year ended January 31, 2021.

Because the Company has net operating loss and credit carryforwards, there are open statutes of limitations in which federal, state and foreign taxing authorities may examine the Company’s tax returns for all years from 2009 through the current period.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and the Consolidated Appropriations Act (“CAA”), were enacted on March 27, 2020 and December 27, 2020, respectively, to respond to the economic challenges due to COVID-19. The Company reviewed the tax law changes included in the CARES Act and the CAA, and determined there was no material impact to its effective tax rate.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References + Details

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitments

As of January 31, 2021 and 2020, non-cancelable purchase commitments with the Company’s contract manufacturers and other parties were $5.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

Legal Proceedings

In addition to the litigation matters described below, from time to time, the Company may be involved in a variety of other claims, lawsuits, investigations, and proceedings relating to contractual disputes, intellectual property rights, employment matters, regulatory compliance matters, and other litigation matters relating to various claims that arise in the normal course of business. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees, the Company may receive unfavorable preliminary or interim rulings in the course of litigation, and there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained.

The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company assesses its potential liability by analyzing specific litigation and regulatory matters using reasonably available information. The Company develops its views on estimated losses in consultation with inside and outside counsel, which involves a subjective analysis of potential results and outcomes, assuming various combinations of appropriate litigation and settlement strategies. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

As of January 31, 2021, the Company does not have any accrued liabilities recorded for loss contingencies in its consolidated financial statements.

Oregon Tax Litigation

On August 30, 2016, the Oregon Department of Revenue (the “DOR”) issued tax assessments against the Company for the Oregon Emergency Communications Tax (the “Tax”), which the DOR alleges Ooma should have collected from its subscribers in Oregon and remitted to the DOR during the period between January 1, 2013 and March 31, 2016 (collectively, the “Assessments”). The Company believes that the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution bars the application of the Tax and the Assessments to the Company, since the Company has no employees, property or other indicia of a “substantial nexus” with the State of Oregon.

On March 2, 2020, Oregon Tax Court issued a decision upholding the Assessments. On April 1, 2020, the Company filed a Notice of Appeal with the Supreme Court of the State of Oregon. However, litigation is unpredictable and there can be no assurances that the Company will obtain a favorable final outcome or that it will be able to avoid further unfavorable interim rulings in the course of litigation that may significantly add to the expense of its defense and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources. Through January 31, 2020, the Company recorded and paid cumulative charges of $0.6 million as its best estimate of probable loss related to the Assessments. No additional charges were recorded during the year ended January 31, 2021.

Chiu Litigation

On February 3, 2021, plaintiff Fiona Chiu filed a class action complaint against the Company and Ooma Canada Inc. in the Federal Court of Canada, alleging violations of Canada’s Trademarks Act and Competition Act. The complaint seeks monetary and other damages and/or injunctive relief enjoining the Company to cease describing and marketing its Basic Home Phone using the word “free” or otherwise representing that it is free. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously against this complaint. Based on the Company’s current knowledge, the Company has determined that the amount of any loss resulting from the Chiu Litigation is not estimable.

Indemnification

The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for certain losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. In some cases, the term of these indemnification agreements is perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future but have not yet been made.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers,

other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has director and officer insurance coverage that reduces the Company’s exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. To date the Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with such indemnifications has been recorded to date.

Financing Arrangements

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Financing Arrangements

Note 12: Financing Arrangements

Revolving Credit Facility

On January 8, 2021, the Company, as borrower, entered into a credit and security agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with KeyBank National Association as Administrative Agent (the “Agent”) and lender, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. as sole lead arranger and sole book runner. The Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) under which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $25 million, which includes a $10 million sub-facility for letters of credit. The Company and its lenders may increase the total commitments under the Credit Facility to up to an aggregate amount of $45 million, subject to certain conditions. Funds borrowed under the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

Loans under the Credit Agreement will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either a rate equal to the “Base Rate” (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (b) “Eurodollar Rate” (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 2.50%. The Base Rate is the highest of (i) the Agent’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, and (iii) the Eurodollar Rate with an interest period of one month plus 1%. The Eurodollar Rate is the London Interbank Offered Rate with various interest periods as may be selected by the Company but shall not be less than 0.75%. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the interest rate on any borrowings increases by 2.0%. The Credit Agreement also contains customary provisions for the replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate/Eurodollar Rate. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Credit Facility of 0.25% per annum.

The Credit Agreement will terminate and all amounts owing thereunder will be due and payable on the earlier of January 7, 2024 or 90 days prior to the scheduled maturity of any convertible debt securities, unless the commitments are terminated earlier, either at the request of the Company or, if an event of default occurs, by the lenders (or automatically in the case of certain bankruptcy-related events).

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and indemnification provisions in favor of the Agent, lenders and their affiliates. Among other covenants, the Credit Agreement includes restrictive financial covenants that require the Company to meet minimum recurring revenue levels and maintain specified amounts of available liquidity on a quarterly basis.

As of January 31, 2021, the Company had zero outstanding borrowings and was in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement. Accordingly, $25 million of borrowing capacity was available for the purposes permitted by the Credit Agreement.

Business Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Business Acquisitions And Divestitures [Abstract]

Business Acquisitions

Note 13: Business Acquisitions

Broadsmart Global, Inc.

On May 24, 2019, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of Broadsmart, a provider of cloud-based UCaaS solutions based in Florida. The cash consideration transferred for Broadsmart was $7.1 million, net of cash assumed of $0.6 million. The Company acquired Broadsmart to provide scale for the Ooma Office and Ooma Enterprise platforms, which aligns with the Company’s overall enterprise growth strategy.

The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition was as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value
Cash	$	649
Accounts receivable		1,003
Other current and non-current assets		639
Intangible assets		6,107
Goodwill		366
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(1,043	)
Net assets acquired	$	7,721

Intangible assets acquired consisted of customer relationships of $5.8 million and trade names of $0.3 million. The goodwill recognized was attributable to the assembled workforce and expanded market opportunities when integrating Broadsmart’s offerings with Ooma Business. The acquisition of Broadsmart was treated as an asset purchase for income tax purpose, and therefore, the transaction did not result in the recording of deferred taxes as the Company's tax basis in the acquired assets equaled its book basis. The resulting goodwill from this acquisition was deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

Broadsmart revenue included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from the May 24, 2019 acquisition date through January 31, 2020 was approximately $7.0 million. On an unaudited pro forma basis, had the Broadsmart acquisition been included in the Company’s consolidated results of operations beginning February 1, 2018, the Company’s total revenue for fiscal 2020 and 2019 would have approximated $153 million and $138 million, respectively. These pro forma revenue amounts were adjusted to exclude revenue associated with a legacy Broadsmart customer that was not expected to be a continuing customer for the combined entity. These pro forma revenue amounts do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if the business combination had taken place on February 1, 2018, nor do these amounts represent the results that may occur in the future.

Actual and pro forma net loss for the Broadsmart acquisition have not been presented because the impact was not material to the Company's consolidated statement of operations.

Voxter Communications, Inc.

On March 12, 2018, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of Voxter, a provider of UCaaS offerings based in Vancouver, British Columbia. The acquisition date fair value consideration transferred for Voxter was approximately $3.9 million, which primarily consisted of cash and common stock. The final purchase price allocation included identifiable intangible assets of approximately $2.1 million, net assets acquired of approximately $0.4 million, deferred tax liabilities of approximately $0.4 million and residual goodwill of approximately $2.0 million, based on the best estimates of management. The goodwill recognized was attributable primarily to expected synergies in the acquired technologies that may be leveraged by the Company in future Ooma Business offerings. Goodwill was not deductible for U.S. or Canadian income tax purposes.

Actual and pro forma results of operations for the Voxter acquisition have not been presented because the impact was not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations.

Net Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Note 14: Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss allocable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock is the same as basic net loss per share because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive because the Company reported net losses for all periods presented.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Numerator
Net loss	$	(2,441	)	$	(18,801	)	$	(14,572	)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares		22,361,312			21,051,039			19,799,781
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.89	)	$	(0.74	)

Potentially dilutive securities of approximately 3.3 million, 3.2 million and 3.9 million were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These shares include the Company’s outstanding RSUs, outstanding stock options and shares to be purchased under the ESPP at the end of the respective purchase period. In the event the Company reported net income for the periods presented, a portion of these outstanding securities would be reflected in weighted-average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury method.

Retirement Plan

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Retirement Plan

Note 15: Retirement Plan

The Company offers a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan to eligible full-time employees that provides for discretionary employer matching and profit-sharing contributions. The Company matches the lower of 50% of employee contributions or 50% of the first 6% of each employee’s eligible compensation that is contributed to the 401(k) plan. Contributions made by the Company vest 100% upon contribution and are expensed as incurred as compensation costs. The Company’s matching contributions to the plan were $0.7 million for each of the fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Subsequent Event (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Event (Unaudited)

Note 16: Subsequent Event (unaudited)

On April 6, 2021, the Company entered into a sublease amendment for its corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, California, which remains subject to the consent of the master landlord. The amendment extends the term of the existing sublease from January 2022 until March 2029. The total rental payments associated with the sublease extension are approximately $11.1 million for February 2022 onwards. The Company is also required to pay common area maintenance costs, property taxes and insurance, in accordance with the terms of the existing sublease. As a result of the sublease amendment, the Company will remeasure its operating lease right-of-use asset and corresponding operating lease liability to account for the estimated rental payments associated with the extended sublease term.

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Presentation and Consolidation

Under Topic 606, the Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

•

identification of the contract(s) with a customer;

•

identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•

determination of the transaction price;

•

allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•

recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation

Subscription and Service Revenue

Product and Other Revenue

Multiple performance obligations

Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

▪	Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

▪	Level 2: Observable prices based on inputs not quoted in active markets but are corroborated by market data.

▪	Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity

Concentration of Credit Risk

Accounts Receivable

Inventories

Customer Acquisition Costs

Internal-Use Website Development Costs

Property and Equipment, net

Operating Leases

Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Research and Development

Advertising

Advertising payments to the Company’s channel partners recorded as a reduction in revenue totaled $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Income Taxes

Foreign Currency

Adopted Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Revenue and Deferred Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Revenue Source

Revenue disaggregated by revenue source consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Subscription and services revenue	$	156,873	$	139,499	$	116,429
Product and other revenue		12,074		12,094		12,802
Total revenue	$	168,947	$	151,593	$	129,231

Components of Deferred Revenue

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Subscription and services	$	16,433	$	15,892
Product and other		68		79
Total deferred revenue	$	16,501		15,971
Less: current deferred revenue		16,426		15,797
Non-current deferred revenue included in other long-term liabilities	$	75	$	174

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Assets at Fair Value

The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the fair value hierarchy were as follows (in thousands):

	Balance as of January 31, 2021						Balance as of January 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	1,657	$	—	$	1,657	$	4,822	$	—	$	4,822
U.S. agency securities		—		1,000		1,000		—		—		—
U.S. treasury securities		250		—		250		—		—		—
Total cash equivalents	$	1,907	$	1,000	$	2,907	$	4,822	$	—	$	4,822
Cash						14,391						6,858
Total cash and cash equivalents					$	17,298					$	11,680

Short-term investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	9,782	$	—	$	9,782	$	4,492	$	—	$	4,492
Corporate debt securities		—		929		929		—		3,504		3,504
Asset-backed securities		—		302		302		—		906		906
Commercial paper		—		—		—		—		5,482		5,482
Total short-term investments	$	9,782	$	1,231	$	11,013	$	4,492	$	9,892	$	14,384

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Balance Sheet Components [Abstract]

Components of Inventories

The following sections and tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands):

Inventories

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Finished goods	$	11,057	$	6,988
Raw materials		1,176		1,381
Total inventory	$	12,233	$	8,369

Components of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net

		As of
	Estimated life (in years)	January 31, 2021			January 31, 2020
Computer hardware and software	3-4	$	6,944		$	7,046
Network and engineering equipment	3-5		4,164			3,479
Website development costs	2		3,191			2,689
Customer premise equipment	3		2,041			691
Office furniture and fixtures	5		124			124
Leasehold improvements	1-5		418			420
Total property and equipment			16,882			14,449
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(11,811	)		(9,179	)
Property and equipment, net		$	5,071		$	5,270

Components of Other Current and Non-current Assets

Other current and non-current assets

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Deferred sales commissions, current	$	4,689	$	2,525
Prepaid expenses		3,152		2,739
Convertible note receivable, including accrued interest		1,605		1,453
Deferred inventory costs		381		867
Other current assets		395		1,408
Total other current assets	$	10,222	$	8,992

Deferred sales commissions, non-current	$	11,474	$	7,412
Other non-current assets		736		774
Total other non-current assets	$	12,210	$	8,186

Components of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Payroll and related expenses	$	11,062	$	8,942
Regulatory fees and taxes		4,141		4,777
Short-term operating lease liabilities		3,831		3,263
Customer sales incentives		1,016		1,293
Other		2,681		4,301
Total accrued expenses	$	22,731	$	22,576

Acquired Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]

Schedule of Carrying Value of Intangible Assets Other than Goodwill

The gross value, accumulated amortization and carrying values of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):

		As of January 31, 2021							As of January 31, 2020
	Estimated life (in years)	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Value		Carrying Value
Customer relationships	5-7	$	6,735	$	(1,908	)	$	4,827	$	5,841
Developed technology	5		1,809		(1,385	)		424		622
Trade names	5		564		(302	)		262		355
Total intangible assets		$	9,108	$	(3,595	)	$	5,513	$	6,818

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense

At January 31, 2021, the estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	Total
2022	$	1,305
2023		1,305
2024		940
2025		852
2026		833
Thereafter		278
Total	$	5,513

Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	As of
	January 31, 2021			January 31, 2020
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	6,045		$	8,057
Total leased assets	$	6,045		$	8,057
Liabilities
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	3,831		$	3,263
Long-term operating lease liabilities		2,815			5,150
Total lease liabilities	$	6,646		$	8,413

Weighted-average remaining lease term	2.2 years			2.6 years
Weighted-average discount rate		4.62	%		5.36	%

Components of Lease Expense Under Topic 842

The components of lease expense under Topic 842 were as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020
Operating lease costs ⁽¹⁾	$	3,947	$	2,796
Variable lease costs ⁽²⁾		948		1,062
Total lease cost	$	4,895	$	3,858

(1) Recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Includes rent for leases with initial terms of twelve months or less, which were not material.

(2) Primarily included common area maintenance, utilities and property taxes and insurance, which were expensed as incurred.

Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020
Cash payments for operating leases	$	3,343	$	2,148
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$	1,196	$	5,856

Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

As of January 31, 2021, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Years Ending January 31,	January 31, 2021
2022	$	3,919
2023		1,628
2024		1,242
2025		200
Total lease payments		6,989
Less: imputed interest		(343	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	6,646

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance

The Company had shares of common stock reserved for issuance as follows (in thousands):

	As of
	January 31, 2021		January 31, 2020
Restricted stock units outstanding		1,441		1,657
Options to purchase common stock		1,366		1,416
Shares available for future issuance under stock plans		1,887		1,530
Shares reserved under ESPP		1,131		903
Total shares reserved for issuance		5,825		5,506

Summarizes of Stock Option Activities

Stock option activity for fiscal 2021 was as follows:

				Weighted Average		Aggregate
	Shares			Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value
	(in thousands)			Per Share		(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2020		1,416		$	7.35	$	8,530
Granted		133		$	10.61
Exercised		(171	)	$	5.26
Canceled		(12	)	$	5.11
Balance as of January 31, 2021		1,366		$	7.95	$	7,803
Vested and exercisable as of January 31, 2021		1,179		$	7.31	$	7,427

Summarizes of Restricted Stock Units Activities

RSU activity for fiscal 2021 and 2020 was as follows:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance as of January 31, 2019		1,925		$	10.49
Granted		1,035		$	14.91
Vested		(1,038	)	$	10.64
Canceled		(265	)	$	12.56
Balance as of January 31, 2020		1,657		$	12.82
Granted		769		$	11.04
Vested		(904	)	$	11.76
Canceled		(81	)	$	12.83
Balance as of January 31, 2021		1,441		$	12.54

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Total Stock-Based Compensation Recognized for Stock-Based Awards in Consolidated Statements of Operations

Total stock-based compensation recognized for stock-based awards in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	1,015	$	1,262	$	920
Sales and marketing		1,910		1,929		1,442
Research and development		4,267		4,610		3,762
General and administrative		5,083		4,960		4,246
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	12,275	$	12,761	$	10,370

Summary of Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Employee Stock Options Grants and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model

The fair value of employee stock options and ESPP was estimated using the Black–Scholes model with the following assumptions, as applicable:

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021	2020	2019
Stock Options:
Expected volatility	47%	44%	43%
Expected term (in years)	6.1	6.1	6.1
Risk-free interest rate	0.6%	2.5%	2.7
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021	2020	2019
ESPP:
Expected volatility	46%-83%	40%-51%	39%-56%
Expected term (in years)	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0	0.5-2.0
Risk-free interest rate	0.1%-0.4%	1.7%-2.5%	2.0%-2.8%
Dividend yield	NA	NA	NA

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Loss Before Income Taxes

Loss before income taxes consisted of the following components (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021			2020			2019
United States	$	(120	)	$	(17,051	)	$	(13,497	)
Foreign		(2,236	)		(1,880	)		(1,459	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(2,356	)	$	(18,931	)	$	(14,956	)

Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision (Benefit)

Income tax provision (benefit) differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax loss as a result of the following (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021			Rate			2020			Rate			2019			Rate
Federal tax at statutory rate	$	(495	)		21	%	$	(3,975	)		21	%	$	(3,141	)		21	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		75			(3	)%		12			—			(494	)		3	%
Foreign income and withholding taxes		(87	)		3	%		(98	)		1	%		(105	)		1	%
Permanent tax adjustment		163			(7	)%		114			(1	)%		352			(2	)%
Section 162(m)		598			(25	)%		606			(3	)%		491			(4	)%
Stock-based compensation		(251	)		11	%		(624	)		3	%		(991	)		7	%
Change in valuation allowance		185			(8	)%		5,445			(29	)%		5,603			(37	)%
Research and development credit		(243	)		10	%		(1,279	)		7	%		(2,155	)		14	%
Other		140			(6	)%		(331	)		2	%		56			—
Income tax provision (benefit) at effective tax rate	$	85			(4	)%	$	(130	)		1	%	$	(384	)		3	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

	As of January 31,
	2021			2020
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	40,624		$	38,407
Tax credit carryover		8,963			8,171
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,686			2,131
Stock-based compensation		1,101			1,167
Acquired intangible assets		53			(16	)
Deferred revenue		19			44
Other		14			184
Gross deferred tax assets		52,460			50,088
Valuation allowance		(49,566	)		(47,792	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	2,894		$	2,296
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	$	(1,533	)	$	(2,042	)
Accruals and reserves		(1,265	)		(130	)
Fixed assets depreciation		(96	)		(124	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	$	(2,894	)	$	(2,296	)
Net deferred taxes	$	—		$	—

Summary of Activity Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

Balance at January 31, 2019	$	4,425
Increase related to current year tax positions		1,592
Balance at January 31, 2020		6,017
Decrease related to prior year positions		(362	)
Increase related to current year tax positions		987
Balance at January 31, 2021	$	6,642

Business Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Broadsmart Global, Inc.

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Summary of Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition was as follows (in thousands):

	Fair Value
Cash	$	649
Accounts receivable		1,003
Other current and non-current assets		639
Intangible assets		6,107
Goodwill		366
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(1,043	)
Net assets acquired	$	7,721

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Numerator
Net loss	$	(2,441	)	$	(18,801	)	$	(14,572	)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares		22,361,312			21,051,039			19,799,781
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.89	)	$	(0.74	)

Overview and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021 Segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Reportable segments	1

Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($) Source Customer	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($) Customer	Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of sources of revenue \| Source	2
Allowances for product returns and customer sales incentives	$ 1,100,000	$ 1,400,000
Allowances for doubtful accounts	300,000	200,000
Impairment loss in relation to deferred commission costs capitalized	0
Impairment of goodwill	0	0	$ 0
Impairment of long-lived assets	0	700,000	0
Advertising payments to channel partners	300,000	400,000	300,000
Interest expense or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits	0	0	0
Sales and marketing
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Advertising costs	$ 12,200,000	$ 13,600,000	$ 13,700,000
Website Development Costs
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment	2 years
Deferred Sales Commissions
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	5 years
Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment	2 years
Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of property and equipment	5 years
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of customers that individually exceeded 10% of net accounts receivable balance \| Customer	1	0
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		10.00%

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Summary of Revenue Disaggregated by Revenue Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 168,947	$ 151,593	$ 129,231
Subscription and services
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	156,873	139,499	116,429
Product and other
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 12,074	$ 12,094	$ 12,802

- Definition

Amount, including tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value-added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130543-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($) Customer Country	Jan. 31, 2020 Customer Country	Jan. 31, 2019 Customer Country
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Number of countries outside United States represented 10% or more of total revenue \| Country	0	0	0
Number of customers that individually exceeded 10% of revenue \| Customer	0	0	0
Deferred revenue recognized \| $	$ 15.7
Ooma Residential \| Revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	54.00%	58.00%	68.00%
Ooma Business \| Revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	44.00%	39.00%	28.00%

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Components of Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 16,501	$ 15,971
Less: current deferred revenue	16,426	15,797
Non-current deferred revenue included in other long-term liabilities	75	174
Subscription and Services
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	16,433	15,892
Product and Other
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 68	$ 79

Revenue and Deferred Revenue - Additional Information (Details 1) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2021-02-01 $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations	$ 8.0
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, percentage	54.00%
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, period	12 months

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Financial Assets at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	$ 17,298	$ 11,680
Total short-term investments	11,013	14,384
U.S. Treasury Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	9,782	4,492
Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	929	3,504
Commercial Paper
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		5,482
Asset-Backed Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	302	906
Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	9,782	4,492
Level 1 \| U.S. Treasury Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	9,782	4,492
Level 2
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	1,231	9,892
Level 2 \| Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	929	3,504
Level 2 \| Commercial Paper
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments		5,482
Level 2 \| Asset-Backed Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total short-term investments	302	906
Cash
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	14,391	6,858
Cash Equivalents
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	2,907	4,822
Cash Equivalents \| U.S. Agency Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,000
Cash Equivalents \| U.S. Treasury Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	250
Cash Equivalents \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,657	4,822
Cash Equivalents \| Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,907	4,822
Cash Equivalents \| Level 1 \| U.S. Treasury Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	250
Cash Equivalents \| Level 1 \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,657	$ 4,822
Cash Equivalents \| Level 2
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,000
Cash Equivalents \| Level 2 \| U.S. Agency Securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,000

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Fair Value Disclosures [Line Items]
Fair value material level asset and liability	$ 0
Financial assets, level 2 to level 1 transfers, amount	0
Financial assets, level 1 to level 2 transfers, amount	$ 0
Maximum
Fair Value Disclosures [Line Items]
Contractual maturities of short-term investments	1 year

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 11,057	$ 6,988
Raw materials	1,176	1,381
Total inventory	$ 12,233	$ 8,369

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Property And Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 16,882	$ 14,449
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(11,811)	(9,179)
Property and equipment, net	$ 5,071	5,270
Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	2 years
Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Computer Hardware and Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 6,944	7,046
Computer Hardware and Software \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	3 years
Computer Hardware and Software \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	4 years
Network and Engineering Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 4,164	3,479
Network and Engineering Equipment \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	3 years
Network and Engineering Equipment \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Website Development Costs
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 3,191	2,689
Property and equipment, estimated life	2 years
Customer Premise Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 2,041	691
Property and equipment, estimated life	3 years
Office Furniture and Fixtures
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 124	124
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 418	$ 420
Leasehold Improvements \| Minimum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	1 year
Leasehold Improvements \| Maximum
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated life	5 years

Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 2,900,000	$ 2,500,000	$ 2,300,000
Amortization expense for total deferred sales commissions	3,900,000	2,200,000	$ 700,000
Non-cancelable purchase commitments	5,400,000	4,000,000.0
Global Telecomm Corporation
Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]
Non-cancelable purchase commitments	$ 0	$ 2,200,000
Global Telecomm Corporation \| Convertible Promissory Note
Balance Sheet Components [Line Items]
Investment in privately-held company				$ 1,300,000

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Other Current and Non-current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Other Assets [Abstract]
Deferred sales commissions, current	$ 4,689	$ 2,525
Prepaid expenses	3,152	2,739
Convertible note receivable, including accrued interest	1,605	1,453
Deferred inventory costs	381	867
Other current assets	395	1,408
Total other current assets	10,222	8,992
Deferred sales commissions, non-current	11,474	7,412
Other non-current assets	736	774
Total other non-current assets	$ 12,210	$ 8,186

Balance Sheet Components - Components of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Payables And Accruals [Abstract]
Payroll and related expenses	$ 11,062	$ 8,942
Regulatory fees and taxes	4,141	4,777
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$ 3,831	$ 3,263
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	ooma:AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember	ooma:AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesMember
Customer sales incentives	$ 1,016	$ 1,293
Other	2,681	4,301
Total accrued expenses	$ 22,731	$ 22,576

Acquired Intangible Assets - Summary of Carrying Values of Intangible Assets Other than Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	$ 9,108
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(3,595)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	5,513	$ 6,818
Customer relationships
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	6,735
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(1,908)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 4,827	5,841
Customer relationships \| Minimum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	5 years
Customer relationships \| Maximum
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	7 years
Developed technology
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	5 years
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	$ 1,809
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(1,385)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 424	622
Trade names
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated life (in years)	5 years
Gross Value, Intangible Assets	$ 564
Accumulated Amortization, Intangible Assets	(302)
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 262	$ 355

Acquired Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 1.3	$ 1.2	$ 0.7

Acquired Intangible Assets - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2022	$ 1,305
2023	1,305
2024	940
2025	852
2026	833
Thereafter	278
Carrying Value, Intangible Assets	$ 5,513	$ 6,818

Operating Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2017 ft²
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, description	The Company leases its headquarters located in Sunnyvale, California, as well as office and data center space in several locations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, with expiration dates through fiscal 2025.
Operating lease, expiration date ending period	2025
Total lease costs			$ 3.4
Fiserv Solutions, LLC
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Lease rentable space of office building \| ft²				33,400
Sublease cost		$ 1.0	$ 1.2
Sublease expiration date	2019-11

Operating Leases - Summary of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 6,045	$ 8,057
Total leased assets	6,045	8,057
Liabilities
Short-term operating lease liabilities	3,831	3,263
Long-term operating lease liabilities	2,815	5,150
Total lease liabilities	$ 6,646	$ 8,413
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2 years 2 months 12 days	2 years 7 months 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate	4.62%	5.36%

Operating Leases - Components of Lease Expense Under Topic 842 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Lease Cost [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 3,947	$ 2,796
Variable lease costs	948	1,062
Total lease cost	$ 4,895	$ 3,858

Operating Leases - Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Cash payments for operating leases	$ 3,343	$ 2,148
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new operating lease obligations	$ 1,196	$ 5,856

Operating Leases - Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Operating Lease Liabilities Payments Due [Abstract]
2022	$ 3,919
2023	1,628
2024	1,242
2025	200
Total lease payments	6,989
Less: imputed interest	(343)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 6,646	$ 8,413

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance (Details) - shares	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	5,825	5,506
Restricted stock units outstanding
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	1,441	1,657
Options to purchase common stock
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	1,366	1,416
Shares available for future issuance under stock plans
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	1,887	1,530
Shares reserved under ESPP
Common Stock Reserved For Future Issuance [Line Items]
Total shares of common stock reserved	1,131	903

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($) Period $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares
ESPP
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of eligible compensation subject to plan limitation	15.00%
Employee stock purchase plan offering period	24 months
Number of purchase periods \| Period	4
Purchase periods	6 months
Purchase price of common stock as percentage of fair market value	85.00%
Number of shares of common stock issued under ESPP \| shares	0.2	0.2	0.3
Weighted purchase price of shares of common stock under ESPP \| $ / shares	$ 9.98	$ 9.97	$ 6.82
Stock Options
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option expiration period	10 years
Aggregate intrinsic value of vested options exercised \| $	$ 1,400	$ 2,200	$ 1,300
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted \| $ / shares	$ 4.72	$ 7.13	$ 5.28
Stock Options \| Maximum
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option vesting period	4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Payment for shares of common stock withheld for tax withholdings on vesting of RSUs \| $	$ 1,641	$ 1,523	$ 2,926
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Maximum
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option vesting period	4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Minimum
Stockholders Equity Note Disclosure [Line Items]
Employee stock option vesting period	1 year

Stockholders' Equity - Summarizes of Stock Option Activities (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Shares, Beginning balance \| shares	1,416
Shares, Granted \| shares	133
Shares, Exercised \| shares	(171)
Shares, Canceled \| shares	(12)
Shares, Ending balance \| shares	1,366
Shares, Vested and exercisable \| shares	1,179
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Beginning balance \| $ / shares	$ 7.35
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Granted \| $ / shares	10.61
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercised \| $ / shares	5.26
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Canceled \| $ / shares	5.11
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Ending balance \| $ / shares	7.95
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Vested and exercisable \| $ / shares	$ 7.31
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning balance \| $	$ 8,530
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending balance \| $	7,803
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and exercisable \| $	$ 7,427

Stockholders' Equity - Summarizes of Restricted Stock Units Activities (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Number of Shares
Shares, RSUs Beginning Balance	1,657	1,925
Shares, Granted	769	1,035
Shares, Vested	(904)	(1,038)
Shares, Canceled	(81)	(265)
Shares, RSUs Ending Balance	1,441	1,657
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Beginning Balance	$ 12.82	$ 10.49
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Granted	11.04	14.91
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Vested	11.76	10.64
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Canceled	12.83	12.56
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share, Ending Balance	$ 12.54	$ 12.82

Stock-Based Compensation - Total Stock-Based Compensation Recognized for Stock-Based Awards in Consolidated Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 12,275	$ 12,761	$ 10,370
Cost of revenue
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	1,015	1,262	920
Sales and marketing
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	1,910	1,929	1,442
Research and development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	4,267	4,610	3,762
General and administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 5,083	$ 4,960	$ 4,246

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested share-based awards	$ 18,200,000
Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expenses recognized on straight line basis offering period	2 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expenses recognized on straight line basis offering period	2 years
ESPP
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expenses recognized on straight line basis offering period	2 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Employee Stock Options Grants and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Using Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
ESPP
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility, minimum	46.00%	40.00%	39.00%
Expected volatility, maximum	83.00%	51.00%	56.00%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	0.10%	1.70%	2.00%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	0.40%	2.50%	2.80%
ESPP \| Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 months	6 months	6 months
ESPP \| Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	2 years	2 years	2 years
Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	47.00%	44.00%	43.00%
Expected term (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Risk-free interest rate	0.60%	2.50%	2.70%

Income Taxes - Components of Loss Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
United States	$ (120)	$ (17,051)	$ (13,497)
Foreign	(2,236)	(1,880)	(1,459)
Loss before income taxes	$ (2,356)	$ (18,931)	$ (14,956)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-SubTopic 10
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal tax at statutory rate	$ (495)	$ (3,975)	$ (3,141)
State taxes, net of federal benefit	75	12	(494)
Foreign income and withholding taxes	(87)	(98)	(105)
Permanent tax adjustment	163	114	352
Section 162(m)	598	606	491
Stock-based compensation	(251)	(624)	(991)
Change in valuation allowance	185	5,445	5,603
Research and development credit	(243)	(1,279)	(2,155)
Other	140	(331)	56
Income tax provision (benefit) at effective tax rate	$ 85	$ (130)	$ (384)
Federal tax at statutory rate, Rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State taxes, net of federal benefit, Rate	(3.00%)		3.00%
Foreign income and withholding taxes, Rate	3.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Permanent tax adjustment, Rate	(7.00%)	(1.00%)	(2.00%)
Section 162(m), Rate	(25.00%)	(3.00%)	(4.00%)
Stock-based compensation, Rate	11.00%	3.00%	7.00%
Change in valuation allowance, Rate	(8.00%)	(29.00%)	(37.00%)
Research and development credit, Rate	10.00%	7.00%	14.00%
Other, Rate	(6.00%)	2.00%
Income tax provision (benefit) at effective tax rate, Rate	(4.00%)	1.00%	3.00%

Income Taxes - Summary of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 40,624	$ 38,407
Tax credit carryover	8,963	8,171
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,686	2,131
Stock-based compensation	1,101	1,167
Acquired intangible assets	53	(16)
Deferred revenue	19	44
Other	14	184
Gross deferred tax assets	52,460	50,088
Valuation allowance	(49,566)	(47,792)
Net deferred tax assets	2,894	2,296
Deferred tax liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	(1,533)	(2,042)
Accruals and reserves	(1,265)	(130)
Fixed assets depreciation	(96)	(124)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	$ (2,894)	$ (2,296)

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net deferred tax asset, change in valuation allowance	$ 1,800,000	$ 13,500,000
Net operating loss carryforwards, expired	2030
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 6,642,000	6,017,000	$ 4,425,000
Interest expense or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Research and Development
Income Tax [Line Items]
Federal tax credit, expired	2030
Federal
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 123,300,000
Federal \| Research and Development
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	8,400,000
State
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	70,200,000
State \| Research and Development
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 8,300,000

Income Taxes - Summary of Activity Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 6,017	$ 4,425
Decrease related to prior year positions	(362)
Increase related to current year tax positions	987	1,592
Ending Balance	$ 6,642	$ 6,017

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Non-cancelable purchase commitments	$ 5,400,000	$ 4,000,000.0
Accrued liabilities for loss contingencies	0
Cumulative charges of litigation loss	$ 0	$ 600,000

Financing Arrangements - Additional Information (Details) - Revolving Credit Facility - Credit Agreement - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 08, 2021	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2021
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement initiation date	Jan. 08, 2021
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 45,000,000
Borrowing capacity description			On January 8, 2021, the Company, as borrower, entered into a credit and security agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with KeyBank National Association as Administrative Agent (the “Agent”) and lender, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. as sole lead arranger and sole book runner. The Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) under which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $25 million, which includes a $10 million sub-facility for letters of credit. The Company and its lenders may increase the total commitments under the Credit Facility to up to an aggregate amount of $45 million, subject to certain conditions. Funds borrowed under the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
Credit agreement, Interest rate description			Loans under the Credit Agreement will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either a rate equal to the “Base Rate” (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or (b) “Eurodollar Rate” (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 2.50%. The Base Rate is the highest of (i) the Agent’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, and (iii) the Eurodollar Rate with an interest period of one month plus 1%. The Eurodollar Rate is the London Interbank Offered Rate with various interest periods as may be selected by the Company but shall not be less than 0.75%. Upon the occurrence of any event of default, the interest rate on any borrowings increases by 2.0%. The Credit Agreement also contains customary provisions for the replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate/Eurodollar Rate. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Credit Facility of 0.25% per annum.
Percentage of commitment fees on revolving credit facility	0.25%
Credit agreement expiration date	Jan. 07, 2024
Credit agreement expiration description			The Credit Agreement will terminate and all amounts owing thereunder will be due and payable on the earlier of January 7, 2024 or 90 days prior to the scheduled maturity of any convertible debt securities, unless the commitments are terminated earlier, either at the request of the Company or, if an event of default occurs, by the lenders (or automatically in the case of certain bankruptcy-related events).
Borrowing remaining capacity		$ 25,000,000	$ 25,000,000
Borrowing capacity, Outstanding amount		$ 0
Maximum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 25,000,000
Maximum \| Eurodollar Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement, Variable rate	2.00%
Minimum \| Eurodollar Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement, Variable rate	0.75%
Letters of Credit
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 10,000,000

Business Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			8 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 24, 2019	Mar. 12, 2018	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash consideration transferred					$ 7,073	$ 2,402
Business acquisition revenue				$ 168,947	151,593	129,231
Goodwill			$ 4,264	$ 4,264	4,264
Broadsmart Global, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash consideration transferred	$ 7,100
Cash consideration transferred, net of cash assumed	600
Intangible assets	6,107
Business acquisition revenue			$ 7,000
Business acquisition pro forma revenue					$ 153,000	$ 138,000
Net assets acquired	7,721
Broadsmart Global, Inc. \| Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	5,800
Broadsmart Global, Inc. \| Trade names
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 300
Voxter Communications Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets		$ 2,100
Acquisition completion date		Mar. 12, 2018
Aggregate fair value consideration transferred		$ 3,900
Net assets acquired		400
Deferred tax liabilities		400
Goodwill		$ 2,000

Business Acquisitions - Summary of Fair Values of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - Broadsmart Global, Inc. $ in Thousands	May 24, 2019 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 649
Accounts receivable	1,003
Other current and non-current assets	639
Intangible assets	6,107
Goodwill	366
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(1,043)
Net assets acquired	$ 7,721

Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Numerator
Net loss	$ (2,441)	$ (18,801)	$ (14,572)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares	22,361,312	21,051,039	19,799,781
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$ (0.11)	$ (0.89)	$ (0.74)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

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+ Details

Net Loss Per Share - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share	3.3	3.2	3.9

Retirement Plan - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2019
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Employee contribution, percent of match	50.00%
Employer contribution, percent of match	50.00%
Employee maximum contribution percent of deferred salary amount	6.00%
Vesting percentage	100.00%
Matching contributions to the plan	$ 0.7	$ 0.7	$ 0.7

Subsequent Event (Unaudited) - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended	86 Months Ended
	Apr. 06, 2021	Jan. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2029
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Description of sublease extension		The amendment extends the term of the existing sublease from January 2022 until March 2029
Scenario Forecast
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Rental payment on sublease extension			$ 11.1
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sublease, option to extend	true